{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:49:57Z","timestamp":1790794197774,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T04:29:27Z","timestamp":1580876967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Baoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yik Lung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000198148.02347.33","article-title":". In utero and postnatal maternal smoking and asthma in adolescence.","volume":"17","author":"Alati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asthma Fact Sheet World Health Organisation."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-1720-1","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in infants exposed to passive smoking.","volume":"164","author":"Aycicek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30261-4","article-title":"The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the global burden of disease study 2017.","volume":"3","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"B5","author":"Billah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of Chemical Contaminants in Air Pollution Particulate Matter."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"341","article-title":"Impact of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes: systematic review of the current evidences.","volume":"101","author":"Bonzini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Lav."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.099903","article-title":"Lung function and clinical risk factors for asthma in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze.","volume":"64","author":"Borrego","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1080\/1462220021000032780","article-title":"Evaluating acute effects of potential reduced-exposure products for smokers: Clinical laboratory methodology.","author":"Breland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2196","article-title":"Prenatal and passive smoke exposure and incidence of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"129","author":"Burke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307049","article-title":"An integrated risk function for estimating the global burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure.","volume":"122","author":"Burnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03344.x","article-title":"Morphometric differences between the placental vasculature of non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers.","volume":"96","author":"Burton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1493OC","article-title":"Spontaneous airway hyperresponsiveness in estrogen receptor-\u03b1\u2013deficient mice.","volume":"175","author":"Carey","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Critical Care Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.08.003","article-title":"It\u2019s all about sex: gender, lung development and lung disease.","volume":"18","author":"Carey","year":"","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10081774","article-title":"In utero exposure to cigarette smoking influences lung function at birth.","volume":"10","author":"Carlsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"551","article-title":"Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: acute effects on uterine flow velocity waveforms.","volume":"81","author":"Castro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstetr. Gynecol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00033","article-title":"Maternal L-carnitine supplementation improves brain health in offspring from cigarette smoke exposed mothers.","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25881","article-title":"Impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on brain inflammation and oxidative stress in male mice offspring.","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000134254.83113.8e","article-title":"Effects of maternal undernutrition during late gestation on the lung surfactant system and morphometry in rats.","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900916","article-title":"Effect of early life exposure to air pollution on development of childhood asthma.","volume":"118","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198519040-00018","article-title":"Fetal lung hypoplasia associated with maternal smoking: a morphometric analysis.","volume":"19","author":"Collins","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"6","article-title":"Do environmental toxicants contribute to allergy and asthma?","volume":"17","author":"Crinnion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6010004","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: chronic lung disease of infancy and long-term pulmonary outcomes.","volume":"6","author":"Davidson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183314","article-title":"Exposure to fine particulate matter in the air alters placental structure and the renin-angiotensin system.","volume":"12","author":"de F\u00e1tima Soto","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.05.050","article-title":"Exposure to outdoor air pollution during trimesters of pregnancy and childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.","volume":"150","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2560","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in offspring.","volume":"135","author":"Dhalwani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/13547500902965898","article-title":"Early life insult from cigarette smoke may be predictive of chronic diseases later in life.","volume":"14","author":"Doherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054308","article-title":"The asthma epidemic.","volume":"355","author":"Eder","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1307","article-title":"Prenatal farm exposure is related to the expression of receptors of the innate immunity and to atopic sensitization in school-age children.","volume":"117","author":"Ege","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.9805099","article-title":"Increased airway responsiveness and decreased alveolar attachment points following in utero smoke exposure in the guinea pig.","volume":"163","author":"Elliot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B30","article-title":"The global impact of asthma in adult populations.","volume":"5","author":"Enilari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Global Health"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012324751-3\/50046-2","article-title":"Development of antioxidant and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme systems","author":"Fanucchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Lung"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.09.005","article-title":"Association of smoking during pregnancy and fetal growth restriction: subgroups of higher susceptibility.","volume":"138","author":"Figueras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstetr. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn380","article-title":"Prospects for epigenetic epidemiology.","volume":"169","author":"Foley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02900.x","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy, fetal arterial resistance adaptations and cardiovascular function in childhood.","volume":"118","author":"Geelhoed","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.2006009","article-title":"Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and environmental tobacco smoke on asthma and wheezing in children.","volume":"163","author":"Gilliland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B36","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Global Asthma Report 2018."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9807104","article-title":"Predictors of repeated wheeze in the first year of life: the relative roles of cockroach, birth weight, acute lower respiratory illness, and maternal smoking.","volume":"160","author":"Gold","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.035","article-title":"Early-life determinants of asthma from birth to age 20 years: a German birth cohort study.","volume":"133","author":"Grabenhenrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122351","article-title":"Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children: a review of epidemiological studies.","volume":"16","author":"H\u00e5konsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian. J. Androl."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-012324751-3\/50051-6","article-title":"Role of nutrition in lung development before and after birth","author":"Harding","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Lung Development, Aging and the Environment"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3029-6","article-title":"Parental smoking and cessation during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma.","volume":"16","author":"Harju","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.036","article-title":"Maternal and cord blood miR-223 expression associates with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and low regulatory T-cell numbers.","volume":"133","author":"Herberth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-9-46","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during critical time periods in gestation and alterations in cord blood lymphocyte distribution: a cohort of livebirths.","volume":"9","author":"Herr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0323OC","article-title":"Persistent effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on lung function and asthma in adolescents.","volume":"189","author":"Hollams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0658OC","article-title":"Prenatal particulate air pollution and asthma onset in urban children. identifying sensitive windows and sex differences.","volume":"192","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000455140","article-title":"Effects of in utero and postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke on lung function by gender and asthma status: the Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) Study.","volume":"93","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.1.136","article-title":"Maternal smoking in pregnancy, fetal development, and childhood asthma.","volume":"94","author":"Jaakkola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"645","article-title":"The effect of smoking in pregnancy on early placental morphology.","author":"Jauniaux","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstetr. Gynecol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(98)00318-4","article-title":"Maternal tobacco exposure and cotinine levels in fetal fluids in the first half of pregnancy.","volume":"93","author":"Jauniaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstetr. Gynecol."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"605","article-title":"Cigarette smoking by mothers during pregnancy and pulmonary function of their school age children.","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"1997"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01136.x","article-title":"Effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter on ventilatory lung function of preschool children of non-smoking mothers.","volume":"24","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.10.082","article-title":"Potential reductions in premature mortality attributable to PM2.5 by reducing indoor pollution: a model analysis for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei of China.","volume":"245","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.02.019","article-title":"DNA methylation in newborns and maternal smoking in pregnancy: genome-wide consortium meta-analysis.","volume":"98","author":"Joubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1256","article-title":"Maternal smoking and DNA methylation in newborns: in utero effect or epigenetic inheritance?","volume":"23","author":"Joubert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02719.x","article-title":"Immunological decision-making: how does the immune system decide to mount a helper T-cell response?.","volume":"123","author":"Kaiko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.014977","article-title":"Endovascular trophoblast invasion: implications for the pathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia.","volume":"69","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.106609","article-title":"Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC.","volume":"64","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30223-7","article-title":"National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"6","author":"Lange","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00084008","article-title":"Air pollution during pregnancy and lung function in newborns: a birth cohort study.","volume":"33","author":"Latzin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00178","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals.","volume":"10","author":"Lauretta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Effects Endocrine Glands"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01884-2017","article-title":"Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence.","volume":"51","author":"Lavigne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B62","article-title":"Perintal statistics seriese no. 24. cat. no. PER 50.","author":"Laws","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australia\u2019s mothers and babies 2008"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.017","article-title":"Prenatal fine particulate exposure and early childhood asthma: effect of maternal stress and fetal sex.","volume":"141","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0774-3","article-title":"Prenatal fine particulate exposure associated with reduced childhood lung function and nasal epithelia GSTP1 hypermethylation: sex-specific effects.","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm290","article-title":"Combined inhaled diesel exhaust particles and allergen exposure alter methylation of T helper genes and IgE production in vivo.","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.047","article-title":"A mouse model links asthma susceptibility to prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust.","volume":"134","author":"Manners","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2005.07.002","article-title":"Early developmental origins of impaired lung structure and function.","author":"Maritz","year":"2005"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.1.21","article-title":"Increased incidence of asthma in children of smoking mothers.","volume":"89","author":"Martinez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200803-436OC","article-title":"Chronic exposure to ambient levels of urban particles affects mouse lung development.","volume":"178","author":"Mauad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00511.x","article-title":"Th1\/Th2 lymphocyte polarization in asthma.","volume":"55","author":"Mazzarella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5217","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation for pregnant smoking women and pulmonary function in their newborn infants: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"311","author":"McEvoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2016.08.005","article-title":"Pulmonary effects of maternal smoking on the fetus and child: effects on lung development, respiratory morbidities, and life long lung health.","volume":"21","author":"McEvoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.04.010","article-title":"The effects of acute nutrient restriction in the mid-gestational ewe on maternal and fetal nutrient status, the expression of placental growth factors and fetal growth.","volume":"26","author":"McMullen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.5.8612556","article-title":"Alterations of maternal estrogen levels during gestation affect the skeleton of female offspring.","volume":"137","author":"Migliaccio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B75","article-title":"The genetics of asthma.","volume":"28","author":"Moffatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Matern. Effects Atopic Dis.."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12534","article-title":"Age, sex and the association between skin test responses and IgE titres with asthma.","volume":"27","author":"Mohammad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7328.26","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort.","volume":"324","author":"Montgomery","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20019","article-title":"Tobacco smoke exposure, wheeze, and atopy.","volume":"37","author":"Murray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.049","article-title":"Shared and disparate components of the pathophysiologies of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia.","volume":"195","author":"Ness","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0501OC","article-title":"Maternal smoking in pregnancy and asthma in preschool children: a pooled analysis of eight birth cohorts.","volume":"186","author":"Neuman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00446","article-title":"Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune responses, and possible vaccination strategies.","volume":"5","author":"Niewiesk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00050206","article-title":"Maternal smoking is associated with impaired neonatal toll-like-receptor-mediated immune responses.","volume":"28","author":"Noakes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061630","article-title":"Association of maternal smoking with increased infant oxidative stress at 3 months of age.","volume":"62","author":"Noakes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.01.009","article-title":"Does respiratory syncytial virus subtype influences the severity of acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants?","volume":"98","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B85","author":"Pinkerton","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lung: Development, Aging and the Environment."},{"key":"B86","first-page":"183","article-title":"Cigarette smoking-nutritional implications.","volume":"15","author":"Preston","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progr. Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.017","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy influences the maternal immune response in mice and humans.","volume":"207","author":"Prins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2003.01619.x","article-title":"Hormones not hygeine? Birth order and atopy.","volume":"33","author":"Rangaraj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(99)00055-7","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the flounder (Platichthys flesus L.).","volume":"48","author":"Rocha Monteiro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10578","article-title":"The effect of supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on markers of oxidative stress in elderly exposed to PM2. 5.","volume":"116","author":"Romieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L860","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00197.2011","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction decreases pulmonary alveolar and vessel growth and causes pulmonary artery endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro in fetal sheep.","volume":"301","author":"Rozance","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000457123","article-title":"Smoking-induced changes in the maternal immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways and their impact on fetal growth: a topical review.","volume":"41","author":"Sabra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fetal Diagnosis Ther."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww007","article-title":"Placental nitrosative stress and exposure to ambient air pollution during gestation: a population study.","volume":"184","author":"Saenen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00746-2015","article-title":"Perinatal air pollution exposure and development of asthma from birth to age 10 years.","volume":"47","author":"Sbihi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0809-6","article-title":"Maternal vitamin C deficiency during pregnancy results in transient fetal and placental growth retardation in guinea pigs.","volume":"54","author":"Schjoldager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3930","article-title":"Angiogenic growth factor levels in maternal and fetal blood: correlation with Doppler ultrasound parameters in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.","volume":"29","author":"Schlembach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00069604","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure increases connective tissue expression in foetal monkey pulmonary vessels.","volume":"23","author":"Sekhon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5232","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary \u03b17 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys.","volume":"103","author":"Sekhon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.6.2011097","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure alters pulmonary function in newborn rhesus monkeys.","volume":"164","author":"Sekhon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63111-0","article-title":"Clinical differences among women with and without self-reported perimenstrual asthma.","volume":"81","author":"Shames","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115646","article-title":"Early childhood predictors of asthma.","volume":"132","author":"Sherman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5296.77","article-title":"The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder.","volume":"275","author":"Shirakawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4542","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101567","article-title":"Prenatal secondhand cigarette smoke promotes Th2 polarization and impairs goblet cell differentiation and airway mucus formation.","volume":"187","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2741\/e708","article-title":"The pathophysiology of smoking during pregnancy: a systems biology approach.","volume":"6","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7040.1195","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort.","volume":"312","author":"Strachan","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.3.204","article-title":"Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal and case-control studies.","volume":"53","author":"Strachan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061647","article-title":"Current knowledge on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from animal biology to humans, from pregnancy to adulthood: highlights from a national italian meeting.","volume":"19","author":"Street","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24949-0","article-title":"MitoQ supplementation prevent long-term impact of maternal smoking on renal development, oxidative stress and mitochondrial density in male mice offspring.","volume":"8","author":"Sukjamnong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L416","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00134.2017","article-title":"Effect of long-term maternal smoking on the offspring\u2019s lung health.","volume":"313","author":"Sukjamnong","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJPLCMP"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.245126","article-title":"Longitudinal influence of pregnancy on nicotine metabolic pathways.","volume":"364","author":"Taghavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2738","article-title":"Maternal Smoking during pregnancy and early childhood and development of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis - a MeDALL Project.","volume":"126","author":"Thacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0427","article-title":"Pre-and postnatal exposure to parental smoking and allergic disease through adolescence.","volume":"134","author":"Thacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B113","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Adults With Acute Exacerbations of Asthma."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0373-x","article-title":"Vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","volume":"74","author":"Tous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B115","first-page":"760","article-title":"Characterization of atmospheric particulates, particle-bound transition metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of urban air in the centre of Athens (Greece).","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2006"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1204918","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and markers of placental growth and function: the generation R study.","volume":"120","author":"van den Hooven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(83)80002-2","article-title":"Structural changes in the placenta of smoking mothers: a quantitative study.","volume":"4","author":"Van der Velde","year":"1983","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.028","article-title":"Effect of maternal smoking on cord blood estriol, placental lactogen, chorionic gonadotropin. FSH, LH, and cortisol.","volume":"37","author":"Varvarigou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Perinatal Med.."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14020162","article-title":"Oxidative stress-related genetic variants may modify associations of phthalate exposures with asthma.","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000090502","article-title":"Allergy practice worldwide: a report by the world allergy organization specialty and training council.","volume":"139","author":"Warner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1031-1_19","article-title":"Estrogen in the fetus","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in fetal and neonatal physiology"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.027","article-title":"Maternal sex hormones in early pregnancy and asthma among offspring: a case-control study.","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-275","article-title":"Effect of low birth weight on childhood asthma: a meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2010.53.12.985","article-title":"Neonatal innate immunity and Toll-like receptor.","volume":"53","author":"Yoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b110708","article-title":"Effects of fetal exposure to urban particulate matter on the immune system of male mouse offspring.","volume":"35","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B126","first-page":"199","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone attenuates allergic airway inflammation in dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized mice.","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs183","article-title":"Genetic variants in antioxidant genes are associated with diisocyanate-induced asthma.","volume":"129","author":"Yucesoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci.."},{"key":"B128","first-page":"00042","article-title":"Maternal smoking in pregnancy and its influence on childhood asthma.","volume":"2","author":"Zacharasiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0631-3","article-title":"Epigenetic impacts of maternal tobacco and e-vapour exposure on the offspring lung.","volume":"11","author":"Zakarya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.06.039","article-title":"Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure and SOD2 promoter methylation in maternal and cord blood.","volume":"181","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.00038\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T07:28:51Z","timestamp":1695713331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.00038\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"references-count":130,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2020.00038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.00038","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"article-number":"38"}}