{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:58:08Z","timestamp":1790665088300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007391","name":"Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Overweight and obesity are now recognized as established risk factors for this pathology in postmenopausal women. These conditions are also believed to be responsible for higher recurrence and mortality rates. Reciprocal interactions have been described between adipose and cancer cells. An adipose microenvironment favors a greater proliferation of cancer cells, their invasion and even resistance to anti-cancer treatments. In addition, the chronic low-grade inflammation observed in obese individuals is believed to amplify these processes. Among the cell types present in the breast, myoepithelial cells (MECs), located at the interface of the epithelial cells and the stroma, are considered \u201ctumor suppressor\u201d cells. During the transition from ductal carcinoma<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>to invasive cancer, disorganization or even the disappearance of MECs is observed, thereby enhancing the ability of the cancer cells to migrate. As the adipose microenvironment is now considered as a central actor in the progression of breast cancer, our objective was to evaluate if it could be involved in MEC functional modifications, leading to the transition of<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>to invasive carcinoma, particularly in obese patients. Through a co-culture model, we investigated the impact of human adipose stem cells from women of normal weight and obese women, differentiated or not into mature adipocytes, on the functionality of the MECs by measuring changes in viability, apoptosis, gene, and miRNA expressions. We found that adipose cells (precursors and differentiated adipocytes) could decrease the viability of the MECs, regardless of the original BMI. The adipose cells could also disrupt the expression of the genes involved in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix and to amplify the expression of leptin and inflammatory markers. miR-122-5p and miR-132-3p could also be considered as targets for adipose cells. The metabolite analyses revealed specific profiles that may be involved in the growth of neoplastic cells. All of these perturbations could thus be responsible for the loss of tumor suppressor status of MECs and promote the transition from<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>to invasive carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.571948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T23:21:54Z","timestamp":1610493714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Adipose Microenvironment Dysregulates the Mammary Myoepithelial Cells and Could Participate to the Progression of Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Delort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Cholet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Decombat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Vermerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Dumontet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence A.","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Fenaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Auxenfans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Rossary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Caldefie-Chezet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1286","article-title":"Myoepithelial cells: good fences make good neighbors.","volume":"7","author":"Adriance","year":"2005","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.4267\/10608\/1157","article-title":"L\u2019adipocyte, cellule s\u00e9cr\u00e9trice et endocrine.","volume":"14","author":"Ailhaud","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1841","article-title":"\u03b1v\u03b26 Expression in myoepithelial cells: a novel marker for predicting DCIS progression with therapeutic potential.","volume":"74","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.06.010","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer.","volume":"6","author":"Allinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010062","article-title":"Obesity, Leptin and Breast Cancer: epidemiological Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms.","volume":"11","author":"And\u00f2","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138443","article-title":"Cellular expression of cyclooxygenase, aromatase, adipokines, inflammation and cell proliferation markers in breast cancer specimen.","volume":"10","author":"Basu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.04.025","article-title":"Annotation of the human serum metabolome by coupling three liquid chromatography methods to high-resolution mass spectrometry.","volume":"966","author":"Boudah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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