{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:43:45Z","timestamp":1793389425684,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two age-related diseases that affect the quality of life in the elderly. Initially, they were thought to be two independent diseases; however, recently, increasing basic and clinical data suggest that skeletal muscle and bone are both spatially and metabolically connected. The term \u201costeosarcopenia\u201d is used to define a condition of synergy of low bone mineral density with muscle atrophy and hypofunction. Bone and muscle cells secrete several factors, such as cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, into the circulation to influence the biological and pathological activities in local and distant organs and cells. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs derived from senescent skeletal muscle and bone cells can also be transported and aid in regulating bone-muscle crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the age-related changes in the secretome and extracellular vesicle-microRNAs secreted by the muscle and bone, and discuss their interactions between muscle and bone cells during aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.585644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T23:48:48Z","timestamp":1607557728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Bone and Muscle Crosstalk in Aging"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13103","article-title":"Cellular senescence contributes to age-dependent changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo and function.","volume":"19","author":"Alibhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2015.3182","article-title":"miR-17, miR-21, and miR-143 enhance adipogenic differentiation from porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"35","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3923","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.507343","article-title":"miR-186 inhibits muscle cell differentiation through myogenin regulation.","volume":"289","author":"Antoniou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.345","article-title":"Sclerostin is a locally acting regulator of late-osteoblast\/preosteocyte differentiation and regulates mineralization through a MEPE-ASARM-dependent mechanism.","volume":"26","author":"Atkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041178","article-title":"Bone control of muscle function.","volume":"21","author":"Battafarano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4363","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 19 regulates skeletal muscle mass and ameliorates muscle wasting in mice.","volume":"23","author":"Benoit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2009.06.004","article-title":"Beyond FRAX: it\u2019s time to consider sarco-osteopenia.","volume":"12","author":"Binkley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitomet."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00213-6","article-title":"Evidence that conditionally immortalized human osteoblasts express an osteocalcin receptor.","volume":"25","author":"Bodine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125915","article-title":"RANKL inhibition improves muscle strength and insulin sensitivity and restores bone mass.","volume":"129","author":"Bonnet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10777","article-title":"A PGC1-\u03b1-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis.","volume":"481","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.11.004","article-title":"Effects of the activin A-myostatin-follistatin system on aging bone and muscle progenitor cells.","volume":"48","author":"Bowser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.025900","article-title":"Sclerostin stimulates osteocyte support of osteoclast activity by a RANKL-dependent pathway.","volume":"6","author":"Carvalho","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13030","article-title":"Circulating irisin levels as a predictive biomarker for sarcopenia: a cross-sectional community-based study.","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Intern."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02367-4","article-title":"Irisin prevents dexamethasone-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.","volume":"472","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5187","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413828111","article-title":"Disruption of Lrp4 function by genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade increases bone mass and serum sclerostin levels.","volume":"111","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-016-0745-z","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-21 restores insulin sensitivity but induces aberrant bone microstructure in obese insulin-resistant rats.","volume":"35","author":"Charoenphandhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Mineral Metab."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10192","article-title":"Role of microRNA-27a in myoblast differentiation.","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Intern."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12728","article-title":"GDF8 inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption in mice.","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041259","article-title":"Recombinant Irisin prevents the reduction of osteoblast differentiation induced by stimulated microgravity through increasing beta-Catenin expression.","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24792","article-title":"Effect of age on regulation of human osteoclast differentiation.","volume":"115","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0533","article-title":"Insulin resistance and sarcopenia: mechanistic links between common co-morbidities.","volume":"229","author":"Cleasby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/902186","article-title":"Irisin enhances osteoblast differentiation in vitro.","volume":"2014","author":"Colaianni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516622112","article-title":"The myokine irisin increases cortical bone mass.","volume":"112","author":"Colaianni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02557-8","article-title":"Irisin prevents and restores bone loss and muscle atrophy in hind-limb suspended mice.","volume":"7","author":"Colaianni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3917","article-title":"Myostatin is a direct regulator of osteoclast differentiation and its inhibition reduces inflammatory joint destruction in mice.","volume":"21","author":"Dankbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13367","article-title":"Myokines in skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism: recent advances and future perspectives.","volume":"228","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0525","article-title":"MicroRNA-183-5p increases with age in bone-derived extracellular vesicles, suppresses bone marrow stromal (Stem) cell proliferation, and induces stem cell senescence.","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.007","article-title":"Role and mechanism of action of sclerostin in bone.","volume":"96","author":"Delgado-Calle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.10.040","article-title":"Myostatin inhibits eEF2K-eEF2 by regulating AMPK to suppress protein synthesis.","volume":"494","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00715-6","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase-reference intervals and confounders for two bone formation markers.","volume":"15","author":"Diemar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0533-1","article-title":"Genetic deletion of muscle RANK or selective inhibition of RANKL is not as effective as full-length OPG-fc in mitigating muscular dystrophy.","volume":"6","author":"Dufresne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/345315a0","article-title":"Deficiency of a glycoprotein component of the dystrophin complex in dystrophic muscle.","volume":"345","author":"Ervasti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"9761","article-title":"MiR-15b ameliorates SONFH by targeting Smad7 and inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.","volume":"23","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.07.010","article-title":"miR-106b-5p and miR-17-5p suppress osteogenic differentiation by targeting Smad5 and inhibit bone formation.","volume":"347","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exper. Cell Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1760","article-title":"Inhibition of miR-214 expression represses proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.","volume":"29","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2782","article-title":"A novel domain-specific mutation in a sclerosteosis patient suggests a role of LRP4 as an anchor for sclerostin in human bone.","volume":"31","author":"Fijalkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107262","article-title":"Pathway analysis of microRNA expression profile during murine osteoclastogenesis.","volume":"9","author":"Franceschetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101874","article-title":"Muscle-derived miR-34a increases with age in circulating extracellular vesicles and induces senescence of bone marrow stem cells.","volume":"11","author":"Fulzele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108121","article-title":"miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p downregulation promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells through IGF-1\/ERK pathway under high glucose condition.","volume":"167","author":"Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B40","first-page":"3303","article-title":"MiR-374b promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by degrading PTEN and promoting fracture healing.","volume":"22","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164446","article-title":"Meteorin-like shows unique expression pattern in bone and its overexpression inhibits osteoblast differentiation.","volume":"11","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00684","article-title":"Mining the secretome of C2C12 muscle cells: data dependent experimental approach to analyze protein secretion using label-free quantification and peptide based analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Grube","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Proteom. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125094","article-title":"Muscle releases alpha-sarcoglycan positive extracellular vesicles carrying miRNAs in the bloodstream.","volume":"10","author":"Guescini","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz312","article-title":"Muscle weakness and selective muscle atrophy in osteoprotegerin-deficient mice.","volume":"29","author":"Hamoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz124","article-title":"An anti-RANKL treatment reduces muscle inflammation and dysfunction and strengthens bone in dystrophic mice.","volume":"28","author":"Hamoudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.03.005","article-title":"Blocking bone loss with l-BAIBA.","volume":"29","author":"Hamrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.02.012","article-title":"Loss of myostatin (GDF8) function increases osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells but the osteogenic effect is ablated with unloading.","volume":"40","author":"Hamrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2015.02.001","article-title":"Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 increase with age independently of body composition indices among healthy individuals.","volume":"2","author":"Hanks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1507-y","article-title":"Association between fibroblast growth factor 21 and bone mineral density in adults.","volume":"59","author":"Hao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.38440","article-title":"Correlations between changes in undercarboxylated osteocalcin and muscle function in hypoparathyroidism.","volume":"14","author":"Harslof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inter. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.02.053","article-title":"Type 2 innate signals stimulate fibro\/adipogenic progenitors to facilitate muscle regeneration.","volume":"153","author":"Heredia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125543","article-title":"Sclerostin inhibition alleviates breast cancer-induced bone metastases and muscle weakness.","volume":"5","author":"Hesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R167","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-18-0176","article-title":"Novel actions of sclerostin on bone.","volume":"62","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10015","article-title":"Crosstalk between MLO-Y4 osteocytes and C2C12 muscle cells is mediated by the Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway.","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.05.106","article-title":"MicroRNA-27a promotes myoblast proliferation by targeting myostatin.","volume":"423","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275833","article-title":"Alterations in the muscle force transfer apparatus in aged rats during unloading and reloading: impact of microRNA-31.","volume":"596","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.42","article-title":"Irisin stimulates muscle growth-related genes and regulates adipocyte differentiation and metabolism in humans.","volume":"38","author":"Huh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.09.002","article-title":"FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise.","volume":"61","author":"Huh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/726590","article-title":"Effects of Nrf2 deficiency on bone microarchitecture in an experimental model of osteoporosis.","volume":"2014","author":"Ibanez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0482-7","article-title":"Coupling of bone resorption and formation by RANKL reverse signalling.","volume":"561","author":"Ikebuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00107","article-title":"FGF21 as a hepatokine, adipokine, and myokine in metabolism and diseases.","volume":"5","author":"Itoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3663-z","article-title":"BAIBA attenuates insulin resistance and inflammation induced by palmitate or a high fat diet via an AMPK-PPARdelta-dependent pathway in mice.","volume":"58","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.11.005","article-title":"Emerging role of extracellular vesicles as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Insights into the pathophysiology of lung diseases.","volume":"60","author":"Kadota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.007","article-title":"Come on BAIBA light my fire.","volume":"19","author":"Kammoun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.03.018","article-title":"SOST is a target gene for PTH in bone.","volume":"37","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5050","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.12.8536","article-title":"Minireview: the OPG\/RANKL\/RANK system.","volume":"142","author":"Khosla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.025","article-title":"Irisin mediates effects on bone and fat via alphaV integrin receptors.","volume":"175","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115053","article-title":"Association of serum sclerostin levels with low skeletal muscle mass: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS).","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.8.1171","article-title":"Correlation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) concentration and bone density with age in healthy Korean women.","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korea. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11238","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707876115","article-title":"Sclerostin influences body composition by regulating catabolic and anabolic metabolism in adipocytes.","volume":"114","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3038","article-title":"Sclerostin antibody administration converts bone lining cells into active osteoblasts.","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.041","article-title":"\u03b2-aminoisobutyric Acid, l-BAIBA, is a muscle-derived osteocyte survival factor.","volume":"22","author":"Kitase","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29312","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a causes ceramide accumulation and effects insulin signaling pathway by targeting ceramide kinase (CERK) in aging skeletal muscle.","volume":"121","author":"Kukreti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222559","article-title":"Irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation.","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2017.50.4.165","article-title":"miR-374 promotes myocardial hypertrophy by negatively regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling.","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton.","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088351","article-title":"Age-related bone loss is associated with FGF21 but not IGFBP1 in healthy adults.","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exper. Physiol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.03.008","article-title":"Undercarboxylated osteocalcin, muscle strength and indices of bone health in older women.","volume":"64","author":"Levinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77716","article-title":"MicroRNA-188 regulates age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation.","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99044","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA Bmncr regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate during skeletal aging.","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10872","article-title":"Osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p inhibits osteoblastic bone formation.","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-015-0734-7","article-title":"An overview of osteocalcin progress.","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14262","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28946","article-title":"Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis.","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15201","article-title":"miR-29b contributes to multiple types of muscle atrophy.","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12219","article-title":"Subfatin is a novel adipokine and unlike meteorin in adipose and brain expression.","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Therapeut."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2884","article-title":"Hindlimb immobilization, but not castration, induces reduction of undercarboxylated osteocalcin associated with muscle atrophy in rats.","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3244-5","article-title":"A common polymorphism rs1800247 in osteocalcin gene was associated with serum osteocalcin levels, bone mineral density, and fracture: the Shanghai Changfeng Study.","volume":"27","author":"Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Intern."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-017-0210-x","article-title":"miR-221 modulates skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation.","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0070-2","article-title":"Circulating apoptotic bodies maintain mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis and ameliorate osteopenia via transferring multiple cellular factors.","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1159\/000481752","article-title":"Osteocalcin induces proliferation via positive activation of the PI3K\/Akt, P38 MAPK pathways and promotes differentiation through activation of the GPRC6A-ERK1\/2 pathway in C2C12 myoblast cells.","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25735","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) promotes formation of aerobic myofibers via the FGF21-SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1alpha pathway.","volume":"232","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1648715","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes C2C12 cells myogenic differentiation by enhancing cell cycle exit.","volume":"2017","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5813","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700983RR","article-title":"Irisin promotes proliferation but inhibits differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells.","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.15171\/jrip.2017.17","article-title":"Relationship between serum irisin, glycemic indices, and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.","volume":"6","author":"Mahmoodnia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ren. Injury Prevent."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/387083a0","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member.","volume":"387","author":"McPherron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4596920","article-title":"Serum sclerostin, body composition, and sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients with diabetes.","volume":"2020","author":"Medeiros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.004","article-title":"Osteocalcin signaling in myofibers is necessary and sufficient for optimum adaptation to exercise.","volume":"23","author":"Mera","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.07.002","article-title":"Osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to maintain muscle mass in older mice.","volume":"5","author":"Mera","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2283","article-title":"Serum sclerostin levels negatively correlate with parathyroid hormone levels and free estrogen index in postmenopausal women.","volume":"95","author":"Mirza","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.02.001","article-title":"Osteocalcin and its endocrine functions.","volume":"132","author":"Mizokami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100696","article-title":"Dysregulation of SIRT-1 in aging mice increases skeletal muscle fatigue by a PARP-1-dependent mechanism.","volume":"6","author":"Mohamed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00508.x","article-title":"Effects of myostatin deletion in aging mice.","volume":"8","author":"Morissette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24278","article-title":"Osteocalcin: skeletal and extra-skeletal effects.","volume":"228","author":"Neve","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/676575","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs, emerging regulators of skeletal muscle development and diseases.","volume":"2015","author":"Nie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Intern."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12409","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 controls mitophagy and muscle mass.","volume":"10","author":"Oost","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24537","article-title":"Sclerostin is expressed in osteoclasts from aged mice and reduces osteoclast-mediated stimulation of mineralization.","volume":"114","author":"Ota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2016.03.001","article-title":"Enhancement of C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation by GASP-2, a myostatin inhibitor.","volume":"6","author":"Perie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194440","article-title":"Effects of pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition or testosterone administration on soleus muscle atrophy in rodents after spinal cord injury.","volume":"13","author":"Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93771","article-title":"Old age causes de novo intracortical bone remodeling and porosity in mice.","volume":"2","author":"Piemontese","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307521","article-title":"Circulating growth differentiation factor 11\/8 levels decline with age.","volume":"118","author":"Poggioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12954","article-title":"Lower serum osteocalcin concentrations are associated with brain microstructural changes and worse cognitive performance.","volume":"84","author":"Puig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21053","article-title":"Irisin promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via activating the MAP kinase signaling pathways.","volume":"6","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.770941","article-title":"Myostatin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by suppressing osteocyte-derived exosomal microRNA-218: a novel mechanism in muscle-bone communication.","volume":"292","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.56","article-title":"MicroRNA-17-92 regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation by targeting the ENH1\/Id1 signaling axis.","volume":"23","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119826","article-title":"Effects of exosome-mediated delivery of myostatin propeptide on functional recovery of mdx mice.","volume":"236","author":"Ran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9620-9","article-title":"Plasma irisin levels predict telomere length in healthy adults.","volume":"36","author":"Rana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.065","article-title":"Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis.","volume":"157","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7230","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.20.7230-7242.2003","article-title":"Myostatin signals through a transforming growth factor beta-like signaling pathway to block adipogenesis.","volume":"23","author":"Rebbapragada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000230","article-title":"Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: two diseases or one?","volume":"19","author":"Reginster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2342","article-title":"Methylation of bone SOST, its mRNA, and serum sclerostin levels correlate strongly with fracture risk in postmenopausal women.","volume":"30","author":"Reppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98553","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21636","article-title":"Irisin treatment improves healing of dystrophic skeletal muscle.","volume":"8","author":"Reza","year":"","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01131-0","article-title":"Irisin is a pro-myogenic factor that induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and rescues denervation-induced atrophy.","volume":"8","author":"Reza","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.003","article-title":"beta-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic beta-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors.","volume":"19","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5866","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705092200","article-title":"Mechanical stimulation of bone in vivo reduces osteocyte expression of Sost\/sclerostin.","volume":"283","author":"Robling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1689-x","article-title":"Myostatin and the skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy signaling pathways.","volume":"71","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2019.01.004","article-title":"The effects of both age and sex on irisin levels in paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy humans.","volume":"113","author":"Ruan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016","article-title":"Muscle-organ crosstalk: the emerging roles of myokines.","volume":"41","author":"Severinsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-225755","article-title":"Myostatin knockout drives browning of white adipose tissue through activating the AMPK-PGC1alpha-Fndc5 pathway in muscle.","volume":"27","author":"Shan","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.7600\/jpfsm.7.221","article-title":"Age-related changes in myostatin expression in rat skeletal muscles.","volume":"7","author":"Shibaguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211597","article-title":"Characterization of a novel microRNA, miR-188, elevated in serum of muscular dystrophy dog model.","volume":"14","author":"Shibasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density.","volume":"89","author":"Simonet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601528","article-title":"IL-3 differentially regulates membrane and soluble rankl in osteoblasts through metalloproteases and the JAK2\/STAT5 pathway and improves the RANKL\/OPG ratio in adult mice.","volume":"200","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20778","article-title":"Prolonged absence of myostatin reduces sarcopenia.","volume":"209","author":"Siriett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00237.x","article-title":"Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6.","author":"Steensberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3944","article-title":"Irisin prevents disuse-induced osteocyte apoptosis.","volume":"35","author":"Storlino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b09375","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal MiR-29b-3p regulates aging-associated insulin resistance.","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-019-00962-2","article-title":"Inhibition of myostatin signal pathway may be involved in low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promoting bone healing.","volume":"46","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn032","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta-regulated miR-24 promotes skeletal muscle differentiation.","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1273","article-title":"Endocrine and clinical correlates of myostatin serum concentration in men\u2013the STRAMBO study.","volume":"97","author":"Szulc","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115298","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles secreted from mouse muscle cells suppress osteoclast formation: roles of mitochondrial energy metabolism.","volume":"134","author":"Takafuji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.021","article-title":"Age-associated loss of OPA1 in muscle impacts muscle mass, metabolic homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and epithelial senescence.","volume":"25","author":"Tezze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016003251","article-title":"Replenishing exosomes from older bone marrow stromal cells with miR-340 inhibits myeloma-related angiogenesis.","volume":"1","author":"Umezu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800435","article-title":"Meteorin-like\/Meteorin-beta is a novel immunoregulatory cytokine associated with inflammation.","volume":"201","author":"Ushach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925509170789","article-title":"An uncommon familial systemic disease of the skeleton: hyperostosis corticalis generalisata familiaris.","volume":"44","author":"Van Buchem","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03720.x","article-title":"Hippocampal BDNF mediates the efficacy of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition.","volume":"20","author":"Vaynman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24557","article-title":"A positive role of microRNA-15b on regulation of osteoblast differentiation.","volume":"229","author":"Vimalraj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2012.07.008","article-title":"Wnt signaling in myogenesis.","volume":"22","author":"von Maltzahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016111213","article-title":"MicroRNA-23a and MicroRNA-27a mimic exercise by ameliorating CKD-Induced muscle atrophy.","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/684965","article-title":"Myostatin activates the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems contributing to muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"2015","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.09.010","article-title":"A Liver-bone endocrine relay by IGFBP1 promotes osteoclastogenesis and mediates FGF21-induced bone resorption.","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0766-y","article-title":"Quantification of aminobutyric acids and their clinical applications as biomarkers for osteoporosis.","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200797109","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.","volume":"109","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12484","article-title":"Secreted microvesicular miR-31 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"15","author":"Weilner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000356740","article-title":"Myostatin and sarcopenia: opportunities and challenges \u2013 a mini-review.","volume":"60","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg599","article-title":"Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel BMP antagonist.","volume":"22","author":"Winkler","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.01.108","article-title":"MicroRNA-365 accelerates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting autophagy via the modulation of Skp2 expression.","volume":"484","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13438","article-title":"Relative abundance of mature myostatin rather than total myostatin is negatively associated with bone mineral density in Chinese.","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117660","article-title":"Osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells modulated by MiR-186 via SIRT6.","volume":"253","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.01.002","article-title":"Reducing hypothalamic stem cell senescence protects against aging-associated physiological decline.","volume":"31","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.199","article-title":"Irisin improves fatty acid oxidation and glucose utilization in type 2 diabetes by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.","volume":"40","author":"Xin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern. J. Obes."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18050977","article-title":"miR-365 ameliorates dexamethasone-induced suppression of osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells by targeting HDAC4.","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.8313","article-title":"Effects of irisin on osteoblast apoptosis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats through upregulating Nrf2 and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.144","article-title":"Exosomes from C2C12 myoblasts enhance osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts by delivering miR-27a-3p.","volume":"498","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12794","article-title":"MicroRNA-31a-5p from aging BMSCs links bone formation and resorption in the aged bone marrow microenvironment.","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.03.011","article-title":"Low serum concentrations of Irisin are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in Chinese older women.","volume":"85","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13107","article-title":"Muscle atrophy-related myotube-derived exosomal microRNA in neuronal dysfunction: Targeting both coding and long noncoding RNAs.","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181554","article-title":"Kruppel-like factor 3 inhibition by mutated lncRNA Reg1cp results in human high bone mass syndrome.","volume":"216","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms16003","article-title":"MiR-497 195 cluster regulates angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis by maintaining endothelial Notch and HIF-1\u03b1 activity.","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.028","article-title":"The immunomodulatory role of irisin on osteogenesis via AMPK-mediated macrophage polarization.","volume":"146","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114009","article-title":"Identification of microRNAs linked to regulators of muscle protein synthesis and regeneration in young and old skeletal muscle.","volume":"9","author":"Zacharewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C432","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00172.2020","article-title":"MicroRNA-99b-5p downregulates protein synthesis in human primary myotubes.","volume":"319","author":"Zacharewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-019-0136-2","article-title":"miR-29b-3p regulated osteoblast differentiation via regulating IGF-1 secretion of mechanically stimulated osteocytes.","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biolo. Lett."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1159\/000452580","article-title":"Role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in bone marrow adipogenesis.","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24477","article-title":"Impaired fracture healing in sarco-osteoporotic mice can be rescued by vibration treatment through myostatin suppression.","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B175","first-page":"126","article-title":"MicroRNA-221 is involved in the regulation of osteoporosis through regulates RUNX2 protein expression and osteoblast differentiation.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1432-5","article-title":"MiR-15b and miR-322 inhibit SETD3 expression to repress muscle cell differentiation.","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-107944","article-title":"Positive correlation between serum osteocalcin and testosterone in male hyperthyroidism patients with high bone turnover.","volume":"124","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exper. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.4017","article-title":"MicroRNA-100-5p inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by regulating fibroblast growth factor 21.","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9986-y","article-title":"MicroRNA-17-92 cluster regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-17-0183","article-title":"miR-20a-5p promotes adipogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow stromal cells via targeting Kruppel-like factor 3.","volume":"60","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.12.005","article-title":"beta-aminoisobutyric acid accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells via moderate activation of ROS signaling.","volume":"81","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.585644\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T23:48:52Z","timestamp":1607557732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.585644\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"references-count":181,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2020.585644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.585644","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"article-number":"585644"}}