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It is still unclear whether the majority of piRNA factors expressed in spermatids are involved in long interspersed nuclear element-1 repression after meiosis, but future conditional knockout research is expected to resolve this. In addition, recent hamster knockout studies showed that a piRNA factor is necessary for oocytes\u2014in complete contrast to the findings in mice. This species discrepancy allows researchers to reexamine the function of piRNA in female germ cells. This mini-review focuses on the current knowledge of protein factors derived from mammalian knockout studies and summarizes their roles in the biogenesis and function of piRNAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.681188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T09:01:37Z","timestamp":1626253297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Knockout Gene-Based Evidence for PIWI-Interacting RNA Pathway in Mammals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yinuo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1413","article-title":"Blimp1 associates with Prmt5 and directs histone arginine methylation in mouse germ cells.","volume":"8","author":"Ancelin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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