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Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preclinical models and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments have provided valuable insight into the regulation of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Colon-26 (C26) tumor cells induce cachexia in mice, and conditioned media (CM) from these cells promotes myotube atrophy and catabolic signaling. While mechanical stimuli can prevent some effects of tumor-derived factors on myotubes, the impact of mechanical signaling on tumor-derived factor regulation of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression is not well understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of stretch-induced mechanical signaling on C2C12 myotube growth and MyHC expression after C26 CM exposure. C26 CM was administered to myotubes on day 5 of differentiation for 48 h. During the last 4 or 24 h of C26 CM exposure, 5% static uniaxial stretch was administered. C26 CM suppressed myotube growth and MyHC protein and mRNA expression. Stretch for 24 h increased myotube size and prevented the C26 CM suppression of MyHC-Fast protein expression. Stretch did not change suppressed MyHC mRNA expression. Stretch for 24 h reduced Atrogin-1\/MAFbx, MuRF-1, and LC3B II\/I ratio and increased integrin \u03b21D protein expression and the myogenin-to-MyoD protein ratio. Stretch in the last 4 h of CM increased ERK1\/2 phosphorylation but did not alter the CM induction of STAT3 or p38 phosphorylation. These results provide evidence that in myotubes pre-incubated with CM, the induction of mechanical signaling can still provide a growth stimulus and preserve MyHC-Fast protein expression independent of changes in mRNA expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.690452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T06:43:01Z","timestamp":1627627381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Effect of Mechanical Stretch on Myotube Growth Suppression by Colon-26 Tumor-Derived Factors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Halle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany R.","family":"Counts-Franch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose M.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20174","article-title":"Cancer cachexia is regulated by selective targeting of skeletal muscle gene products.","volume":"114","author":"Acharyya","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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