{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:52:12Z","timestamp":1790315532323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":243,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Male infertility is a widespread health problem affecting approximately 6%\u20138% of the male population, and hypoxia may be a causative factor. In mammals, two types of hypoxia are known, including environmental and pathological hypoxia. Studies looking at the effects of hypoxia on male infertility have linked both types of hypoxia to poor sperm quality and pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia damages testicular seminiferous tubule directly, leading to the disorder of seminiferous epithelium and shedding of spermatogenic cells. Hypoxia can also disrupt the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis of spermatogenic cells, resulting in impaired self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia, and failure of meiosis. In addition, hypoxia disrupts the secretion of reproductive hormones, causing spermatogenic arrest and erectile dysfunction. The possible mechanisms involved in hypoxia on male reproductive toxicity mainly include excessive ROS mediated oxidative stress, HIF-1\u03b1 mediated germ cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition, systematic inflammation and epigenetic changes. In this review, we discuss the correlations between hypoxia and male infertility based on epidemiological, clinical and animal studies and enumerate the hypoxic factors causing male infertility in detail. Demonstration of the causal association between hypoxia and male infertility will provide more options for the treatment of male infertility<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.725933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T01:12:04Z","timestamp":1631495524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Effects of Environmental and Pathological Hypoxia on Male Fertility"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0086","article-title":"Spermatogenesis and sertoli cell activity in mice lacking sertoli cell receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone and androgen.","volume":"149","author":"Abel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.03022.x","article-title":"Priapism in sickle-cell disease; incidence, risk factors and complications - an international multicentre study.","volume":"90","author":"Adeyoju","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","article-title":"Male infertility.","volume":"397","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197","article-title":"Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 1.","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190055","article-title":"Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI): proposed terminology and clinical practice guidelines for management of idiopathic male infertility.","volume":"37","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.07.012","article-title":"What an andrologist\/urologist should know about free radicals and why.","volume":"67","author":"Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"347","article-title":"Fertility studies in sickle cell disease: semen analysis in adult male patients.","volume":"33","author":"Agbaraji","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950160409","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: the balance of benefit and risk.","volume":"16","author":"Aitken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22871","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species as mediators of sperm capacitation and pathological damage.","volume":"84","author":"Aitken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-10-0232","article-title":"Apoptosis in the germ line.","volume":"141","author":"Aitken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2010.496815","article-title":"The endocrinologic changes in critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.","volume":"7","author":"Akbas","year":"2010","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"11","article-title":"Abnormal haemoglobins, and pregnancy.","volume":"2","author":"Akinla","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nigerian Med. J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325820949797","article-title":"Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1alpha, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat\u2019s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress.","volume":"18","author":"Alshanwani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00311-6","article-title":"Increased Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Infertile Men with Varicocele: relationship with apoptosis, seminal oxidative stress, and spermatic parameters.","volume":"28","author":"Ammar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"668","article-title":"The effect of vitamin C on mice hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine: an animal model study using histological changes in testis, pre-implantation embryo development, and biochemical changes.","volume":"21","author":"Anbara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.08.016","article-title":"Prevalence of erectile dysfunction complaints associated with sleep disturbances in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a population-based survey.","volume":"11","author":"Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.021","article-title":"VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development.","volume":"176","author":"Apte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2016.01.001","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant enzyme activity during epididymal sperm maturation in Corynorhinus mexicanus bats.","volume":"16","author":"Arenas-Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232357","article-title":"Hypoxia-related long noncoding RNAs are associated with varicocele-related male infertility.","volume":"15","author":"Ata-Abadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003127","article-title":"Endogenous testosterone level and testosterone supplementation therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Atlantis","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2015.1020116","article-title":"DNA hypomethylation predisposes sperm to DNA damage in individuals with varicocele.","volume":"61","author":"Bahreinian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13000","article-title":"Hypobaric hypoxia causes impairment of spermatogenesis in developing rats at pre-puberty.","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972318793004","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy and hospitalization rates in men with COPD.","volume":"16","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chron. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/mcp.0b013e32834feb37","article-title":"Hypogonadism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence and effects.","volume":"18","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2018.1494390","article-title":"Effects of zinc deficiency on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility: the role of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.","volume":"23","author":"Beigi Harchegani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Fertil."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12172","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin supplementation prevents oxidative stress-evoked DNA damage in human spermatozoa.","volume":"57","author":"Bejarano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02260","article-title":"Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen.","volume":"427","author":"Bekker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11515","article-title":"Influence of sickle cell disease and treatment with hydroxyurea on sperm parameters and fertility of human males.","volume":"93","author":"Berthaut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-35","article-title":"Risk factors for high-altitude headache upon acute high-altitude exposure at 3700 m in young Chinese men: a cohort study.","volume":"14","author":"Bian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"139","article-title":"Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on spermatogenesis, Leydig cells and delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in toad.","volume":"29","author":"Biswas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1159\/000142387","article-title":"Global birth hypoxia increases the neonatal testosterone surge in the rat.","volume":"88","author":"Boksa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1024-6","article-title":"Hypoxaemia affects male reproduction: a case study of how to differentiate between primary and secondary hypoxic testicular toxicity due to chemical exposure.","volume":"87","author":"Bomhard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1340707","article-title":"The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen.","volume":"134","author":"Boveris","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.135.3.8070367","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of androgen receptors in the rat testis: evidence for stage-dependent expression and regulation by androgens.","volume":"135","author":"Bremner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01372.x","article-title":"Sleep apnea is an independent correlate of erectile and sexual dysfunction.","volume":"6","author":"Budweiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114748","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol induced spermatogenesis disorder by blood-testis barrier disruption associated with testosterone deficiency and inflammation in mice.","volume":"264","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"151","article-title":"[Epidemiological approach to the relationship between bronchiectasis and sterility].","volume":"2","author":"Charpin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Mal. Respir."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420932485","article-title":"Association between deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy and the risk of male infertility.","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.02.034","article-title":"Effect of glutathione redox state on Leydig cell susceptibility to acute oxidative stress.","volume":"323","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.296","article-title":"Effect of iron overload on impaired fertility in male patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia.","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0183-x","article-title":"A bioenergetic shift is required for spermatogonial differentiation.","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"B42","article-title":"Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease.","volume":"9","author":"Chinegwundoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease.","volume":"4","author":"Chinegwundoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116694","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia stimulates testosterone production in rat Leydig cells.","volume":"233","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.005","article-title":"Advances in Hypoxia-inducible factor biology.","volume":"27","author":"Choudhry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44761","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m112.421255","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha induces miR-210 in normoxic differentiating myoblasts.","volume":"287","author":"Cicchillitti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2009.1035","article-title":"Effect of intermittent hypoxia on the reproduction of rats exposed to high altitude in the Chilean Altiplano.","volume":"10","author":"Cikutovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731117002452","article-title":"Ram semen deterioration by short-term exposure to high altitude is prevented by improvement of antioxidant status.","volume":"12","author":"Cofre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-012-9398-4","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in men with COPD: impact on quality of life and survival.","volume":"190","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0030377","article-title":"Neurovascular control of oxygen tension in the testis and epididymis.","volume":"3","author":"Cross","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602235103","article-title":"Prolyl hydroxylase-1 negatively regulates IkappaB kinase-beta, giving insight into hypoxia-induced NFkappaB activity.","volume":"103","author":"Cummins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(80)90469-6","article-title":"Endocrine function and haemoglobinopathies: relation between the sickle cell gene and circulating plasma levels of testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in adult males.","volume":"105","author":"Dada","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.06.044","article-title":"Varicocele is associated with impaired semen quality and reproductive hormone levels: a study of 7035 healthy young men from six European countries.","volume":"70","author":"Damsgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.019","article-title":"Differential inflammatory responses in aging and disease: TNF-alpha and IL-6 as possible biomarkers.","volume":"49","author":"de Gonzalo-Calvo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"74","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in young adult patients with beta-thalassaemia major long-term treated with desferrioxamine.","volume":"156","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Georgian Med. News"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0160055","article-title":"Endocrine studies at high altitude. IV. Changes in the semen of men.","volume":"16","author":"Donayre","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0425-7","article-title":"Contemporary evidence on the physiological role of reactive oxygen species in human sperm function.","volume":"32","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/38.6.307","article-title":"Endocrine functions in sickle cell anaemia patients.","volume":"38","author":"el-Hazmi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"47","article-title":"A pilot study on sperm DNA damage in beta-thalassemia major: Is there a role for antioxidants?","volume":"89","author":"Elsedfy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.140.11.1434","article-title":"Priapism and impotence in homozygous sickle cell disease.","volume":"140","author":"Emond","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2004.00651.x","article-title":"Effects of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on testis histology and round spermatid oxidative metabolism.","volume":"37","author":"Farias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.19046","article-title":"Time course of endocrine changes in the hypophysis-gonad axis induced by hypobaric hypoxia in male rats.","volume":"54","author":"Farias","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14023","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage and cytokines in varicocele: a case-control study.","volume":"53","author":"Finelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh034","article-title":"Regulation of sperm function by reactive oxygen species.","volume":"10","author":"Ford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.120","article-title":"Apoptosis of Sertoli cells after conditional ablation of murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) gene is p53-dependent and results in male sterility.","volume":"23","author":"Fouchecourt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)40809-5","article-title":"Testicular function in sickle cell disease.","volume":"25","author":"Friedman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03345209","article-title":"Testosterone levels in obese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: relation to oxygen desaturation, body weight, fat distribution and the metabolic parameters.","volume":"26","author":"Gambineri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-019-02273-4","article-title":"Intermittent normobaric hypoxia facilitates high altitude acclimatization by curtailing hypoxia-induced inflammation and dyslipidemia.","volume":"471","author":"Gangwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2003.tb00874.x","article-title":"Effect of high altitude exposure on spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm count in male rats.","volume":"35","author":"Gasco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01083.x","article-title":"Azoospermia and maturation arrest: malfunction of valves in erect poster of humans leads to hypoxia in sperm production site.","volume":"42","author":"Gat","year":"","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/s1472-6483(10)60638-4","article-title":"Right varicocele and hypoxia, crucial factors in male infertility: fluid mechanics analysis of the impaired testicular drainage system.","volume":"13","author":"Gat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01047.x","article-title":"Azoospermia and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome: hypoxia in the sperm production site due to impairment in venous drainage of male reproductive system.","volume":"42","author":"Gat","year":"","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei089","article-title":"Varicocele, hypoxia and male infertility. Fluid Mechanics analysis of the impaired testicular venous drainage system.","volume":"20","author":"Gat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13189","article-title":"Hypoxia pathway has more impact than inflammation pathway on etiology of infertile men with varicocele.","volume":"51","author":"Ghandehari-Alavijeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6896","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26581","article-title":"Testicular germ cell apoptosis and sperm defects in mice upon long-term high fat diet feeding.","volume":"233","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.170","article-title":"Serum testosterone levels and excessive erythrocytosis during the process of adaptation to high altitudes.","volume":"15","author":"Gonzales","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1800087","article-title":"Effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on spermatogenesis in male rats acutely exposed to high altitude (4340 m).","volume":"180","author":"Gonzales","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12614","article-title":"Effects of experimental left varicocele repair on hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and angiogenesis in rat testis.","volume":"49","author":"Goren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1030059","article-title":"Effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the Leydig cell population of the testis of the rat.","volume":"103","author":"Gosney","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.8.615","article-title":"Atrophy of Leydig cells in the testes of men with longstanding chronic bronchitis and emphysema.","volume":"42","author":"Gosney","year":"1987","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01290.x","article-title":"Effect of hydroxyurea on sperm count, motility and morphology in adult men with sickle cell or myeloproliferative disease.","volume":"37","author":"Grigg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1006\/scdb.1998.0203","article-title":"The central role of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis.","volume":"9","author":"Griswold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2015","article-title":"Spermatogenesis: the commitment to meiosis.","volume":"96","author":"Griswold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0801581","article-title":"Arterial blood gases and oxygen content in climbers on Mount Everest.","volume":"360","author":"Grocott","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt127","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation improves anemia in aging male mice.","volume":"69","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12341","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005156117","article-title":"KLF7 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by up-regulating ISG expression and maintaining Golgi complex integrity.","volume":"117","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12041","article-title":"Erdosteine protects rat testis tissue from hypoxic injury by reducing apoptotic cell death.","volume":"46","author":"Guven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.344","article-title":"Sleep apnea, reproductive hormones and quality of sexual life in severely obese men.","volume":"19","author":"Hammoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1999.0533","article-title":"High altitude increases circulating interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and C-reactive protein.","volume":"12","author":"Hartmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.02.020","article-title":"Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.","volume":"57","author":"Hatzimouratidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2014.1046","article-title":"Exposure to Hypoxia at High Altitude (5380 m) for 1 Year Induces reversible effects on semen quality and serum reproductive hormone levels in young male adults.","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1763","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00611.2006","article-title":"Effect of hypoxia on the release of vascular endothelial growth factor and testosterone in mouse TM3 Leydig cells.","volume":"292","author":"Hwang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(99)80385-9","article-title":"Incidence of varicoceles in men with primary and secondary infertility.","volume":"47","author":"Jarow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2020.07.241","article-title":"Sperm DNA status in infertile patients with clinical varicocele.","volume":"31","author":"Jellad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.98","article-title":"Varicocele and male infertility.","volume":"14","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006270","article-title":"Effect of hydroxyurea exposure before puberty on sperm parameters in males with sickle cell disease.","volume":"137","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.01042.x","article-title":"Correlates of erectile dysfunction in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.","volume":"12","author":"Karadag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"B98","first-page":"641","article-title":"Profile of endocrinological derangements affecting PSA values in patients with COPD.","volume":"27","author":"Karakou","year":"2013","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.03.040","article-title":"Hyperthermia is more important than hypoxia as a cause of disrupted spermatogenesis and abnormal sperm.","volume":"131","author":"Kastelic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.06.17","article-title":"Sertoli cell only syndrome induced by a varicocele.","volume":"8","author":"Kavoussi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6307-8","article-title":"DNA methylation patterns vary in boar sperm cells with different levels of DNA fragmentation.","volume":"20","author":"Khezri","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1113\/jp271502","article-title":"Mechanisms of microglial activation in models of inflammation and hypoxia: implications for chronic intermittent hypoxia.","volume":"594","author":"Kiernan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.02.002","article-title":"HIF-1-mediated expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase: a metabolic switch required for cellular adaptation to hypoxia.","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180017","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and testosterone deficiency.","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm187","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted loci in sperm from oligospermic patients.","volume":"16","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.6.1705","article-title":"Overexpression of VEGF in testis and epididymis causes infertility in transgenic mice: evidence for nonendothelial targets for VEGF.","volume":"143","author":"Korpelainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200501-037oc","article-title":"Hypogonadism in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence and quality of life.","volume":"171","author":"Laghi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2017.12.005","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals transgenerational effect of hypoxia on the neural control of testicular functions.","volume":"195","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)00417-9","article-title":"Increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in the internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele.","volume":"175","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B110","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.","volume":"1","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(03)00482-5","article-title":"Repeated testicular infarction in a patient with sickle cell disease: a possible mechanism for testicular failure.","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12400","article-title":"Testicular hypofunction caused by activating p53 expression induced by reactive oxygen species in varicocele rats.","volume":"47","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-09-0557","article-title":"Hypobaric hypoxia causes deleterious effects on spermatogenesis in rats.","volume":"139","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)64130-2","article-title":"Apoptotic frequency is increased in spermatogenic maturation arrest and hypospermatogenic states.","volume":"158","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.09.118","article-title":"Spermatogenesis dysfunction induced by PM2.5 from automobile exhaust via the ROS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway.","volume":"167","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26822","article-title":"Regulation by Hsp27\/P53 in testis development and sperm apoptosis of male cattle (cattle-yak and yak).","volume":"234","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7880","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102295","article-title":"Mechanisms of ROS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis underlying liquid storage of goat spermatozoa.","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.194","article-title":"Effects of leptin on HPG axis and reproductive function in male rat in simulated altitude of 5500 m hypoxia environment.","volume":"529","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18714","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.ra119.010496","article-title":"Distinct H3K9me3 and DNA methylation modifications during mouse spermatogenesis.","volume":"294","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2016.02.004","article-title":"Meiosis in autopolyploid and allopolyploid Arabidopsis.","volume":"30","author":"Lloyd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.88","article-title":"Altered luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in middle-aged obese men with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"13","author":"Luboshitzky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-011-9620-y","article-title":"Altitude can alter the mtDNA copy number and nDNA integrity in sperm.","volume":"28","author":"Luo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"B123","first-page":"271","article-title":"Hypoxiainduced miR210 contributes to apoptosis of mouse spermatocyte GC2 cells by targeting Kruppellike factor 7.","volume":"19","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12913","article-title":"Seminal exosomal miR-210-3p as a potential marker of Sertoli cell damage in Varicocele.","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-03020","article-title":"Lipophagy contributes to testosterone biosynthesis in male rat Leydig Cells.","volume":"159","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-03-818195","article-title":"How I treat hypoxia in adults with hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic disorders.","volume":"132","author":"Machogu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03357","article-title":"Tissue hypoxia: implications for the respiratory clinician.","volume":"59","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12019","article-title":"Effect of normobaric hypoxia on the testis in a murine model.","volume":"45","author":"Madrid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000360608","article-title":"Priapism in homozygous sickle cell patients: important clinical and laboratory associations.","volume":"23","author":"Madu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.09.022","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors and the response to hypoxic stress.","volume":"40","author":"Majmundar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.10.016","article-title":"Severe, but not mild, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with erectile dysfunction.","volume":"63","author":"Margel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-20-0257","article-title":"The role of testosterone in the respiratory and thermal responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in rats.","volume":"247","author":"Marques","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2014.08.004","article-title":"Impaired pubertal development and testicular hormone function in males with sickle cell anemia.","volume":"54","author":"Martins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"B134","first-page":"6","article-title":"Altitude, exercise and immune function.","volume":"11","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exerc. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1109tr","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea, hypoxia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"199","author":"Mesarwi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)57500-1","article-title":"Effect of age on testicular function in adult males with sickle cell anemia.","volume":"63","author":"Modebe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B137","first-page":"442","article-title":"Erythropoietic mechanism of androgens: a critical review and clinical implications.","volume":"67","author":"Molinari","year":"1982","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B138","first-page":"307","article-title":"Acclimatization in the Andes; Historical confirmations about the climatic aggression in the development of the societies of America.","volume":"28","author":"Monge","year":"1945","journal-title":"An. Fac. Med. Lima"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900328","article-title":"Is there a role of hypoxemia in penile fibrosis: a viewpoint presented to the Society for the Study of Impotence.","volume":"10","author":"Moreland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.04.001","article-title":"ROS are required for mouse spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal.","volume":"12","author":"Morimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00084.x","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy does not promote priapism in hypogonadal men with sickle cell disease: 12-month safety report.","volume":"1","author":"Morrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B142","first-page":"63","article-title":"Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on mice sperm parameters in phenylhydrazine induced hemolytic anemia.","volume":"7","author":"Mozafari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20180179","article-title":"CTRP3 attenuates high-fat diet-induced male reproductive dysfunction in mice.","volume":"132","author":"Mu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1980.tb01347.x","article-title":"Semen analysis in sickle cell disease.","volume":"12","author":"Nahoum","year":"1980","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.013581","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors during male germ cell differentiation in the mouse.","volume":"69","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00152","article-title":"Genetic models for the study of Luteinizing hormone receptor function.","volume":"6","author":"Narayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.04.009","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors.","volume":"59","author":"Neto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13184","article-title":"Evaluation of sperm DNA fragmentation index, Zinc concentration and seminal parameters from infertile men with varicocele.","volume":"51","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1782-z","article-title":"Multiple signaling pathways in Sertoli cells: recent findings in spermatogenesis.","volume":"10","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12210","article-title":"A comprehensive investigation of sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress injury in infertile patients with subclinical, normozoospermic, and astheno\/oligozoospermic clinical varicocoele.","volume":"4","author":"Ni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.028","article-title":"Oxidative stress alters global histone modification and DNA methylation.","volume":"82","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1594","article-title":"Hemolysis-associated priapism in sickle cell disease.","volume":"106","author":"Nolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00763","article-title":"Role of follicle-stimulating hormone in spermatogenesis.","volume":"9","author":"Oduwole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.04.006","article-title":"Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and infertility.","volume":"29","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/152702903769192304","article-title":"Changes in male reproductive function after high altitude mountaineering.","volume":"4","author":"Okumura","year":"2003","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_78_17","article-title":"Chronic epididymitis and Grade III varicocele and their associations with semen characteristics in men consulting for couple infertility.","volume":"20","author":"Oliva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(81)90525-0","article-title":"Fertility in males with sickle cell disease.","volume":"2","author":"Osegbe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0713-z","article-title":"Varicocele and semen quality: a retrospective case-control study of 4230 patients from a single centre.","volume":"41","author":"Pallotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807405115","article-title":"Simultaneous polymerization and adhesion under hypoxia in sickle cell disease.","volume":"115","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7165.1063","article-title":"ABC of oxygen: oxygen at high altitude.","volume":"317","author":"Peacock","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.111","article-title":"Physical exercise at high altitude is associated with a testicular dysfunction leading to reduced sperm concentration but healthy sperm quality.","volume":"96","author":"Pelliccione","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.7.1820","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage in potentially fertile homozygous beta-thalassaemia patients with iron overload.","volume":"17","author":"Perera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.101.002576","article-title":"Stimulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein in the adult rat testis following ischemic injury occurs without an increase in HIF-1alpha messenger RNA expression.","volume":"67","author":"Powell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.103","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion.","volume":"103","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00271.2017","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and testosterone in adult male and female rats after maternal-neonatal separation and environmental stress.","volume":"314","author":"Raff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2011.04.002","article-title":"Epigenetics, spermatogenesis and male infertility.","volume":"727","author":"Rajender","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106495","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in people with epilepsy.","volume":"100","author":"Rathore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13407","article-title":"Semen and reproductive hormone parameters in fertile men with and without varicocele.","volume":"51","author":"Redmon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8092","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7632","article-title":"Inflammatory and oxidative stressassociated factors in chronic intermittent hypoxia in Chinese patients, rats, lymphocytes and endotheliocytes.","volume":"16","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/929285","article-title":"The hypoxic testicle: physiology and pathophysiology.","volume":"2012","author":"Reyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06905","article-title":"NF-kappaB links innate immunity to the hypoxic response through transcriptional regulation of HIF-1alpha.","volume":"453","author":"Rius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/94153","article-title":"Serum testosterone depression as a factor influencing the general condition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.","volume":"28","author":"Rubinsztajn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.11.012","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of stem cell epigenetics.","volume":"17","author":"Ryall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.05.016","article-title":"Nifedipine inhibits hypoxia induced transvascular leakage through down regulation of NFkB.","volume":"183","author":"S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.04038.x","article-title":"Physiology of erectile function.","volume":"1","author":"Saenz de Tejada","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01791.x","article-title":"Evaluation of endocrine profile, hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and semen quality in multiple sclerosis.","volume":"20","author":"Safarinejad","year":"","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.103","article-title":"Evaluation of semen quality, endocrine profile and hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis in male patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia major.","volume":"179","author":"Safarinejad","year":"","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.11.008","article-title":"European Association of Urology guidelines on priapism.","volume":"65","author":"Salonia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.009","article-title":"Proteomic signatures of sperm mitochondria in varicocele: clinical use as biomarkers of varicocele associated infertility.","volume":"200","author":"Samanta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1988.tb03680.x","article-title":"Reversible reproductive dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea.","volume":"28","author":"Santamaria","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.045","article-title":"Differential DNA methylation pattern and sperm quality in men with varicocele.","volume":"114","author":"Santana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2018.1557762","article-title":"The relationship among sperm global DNA methylation, telomere length, and DNA fragmentation in varicocele: a cross-sectional study of 20 cases.","volume":"65","author":"Santana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12379","article-title":"Impairment of sperm DNA methylation in male infertility: a meta-analytic study.","volume":"5","author":"Santi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-6-3180","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the androgen receptor in rat and human tissues.","volume":"127","author":"Sar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01208490","article-title":"Effect of hypoxia by intermittent altitude exposure on semen characteristics and testicular morphology of male rhesus monkeys.","volume":"38","author":"Saxena","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18714","article-title":"Effect of folic acid and zinc supplementation in men on semen quality and live birth among couples undergoing infertility treatment: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"323","author":"Schisterman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081789","article-title":"Protamine-2 deficiency initiates a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated destruction cascade during epididymal sperm maturation in mice.","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.021","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors in physiology and medicine.","volume":"148","author":"Semenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6448.801","article-title":"Hypoxia, depression of testosterone, and impotence in pickwickian syndrome reversed by weight reduction.","volume":"289","author":"Semple","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.1.46","article-title":"Sex hormone suppression and sexual impotence in hypoxic pulmonary fibrosis.","volume":"39","author":"Semple","year":"1984","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.36.8.605","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in respiratory hypoxia.","volume":"36","author":"Semple","year":"1981","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.3.587b","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction and erectile impotence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"83","author":"Semple","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0124","article-title":"Male germ cell apoptosis: regulation and biology.","volume":"365","author":"Shaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60520-0","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction.","volume":"381","author":"Shamloul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13432","article-title":"Epigenetics and oxidative stress: a twin-edged sword in spermatogenesis.","volume":"51","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-006-0082-7","article-title":"Effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on spermatogenesis and lactate concentration in testicular tissue of male albino rats.","volume":"141","author":"Shevantaeva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2008.39","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and disease-specific quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"20","author":"Shin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.02.012","article-title":"The regulation of spermatogenesis by androgens.","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-190OC","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction in a murine model of sleep apnea.","volume":"178","author":"Soukhova-O\u2019Hare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01486.x","article-title":"Factors affecting self-reported sexuality in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Stannek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10952","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102497","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017.","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9095-9","article-title":"Reduced pulmonary function is associated with lower levels of endogenous total and free testosterone, The Tromso study.","volume":"22","author":"Svartberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000337344","article-title":"Hypogonadism in patients with sickle cell disease: central or peripheral?","volume":"128","author":"Taddesse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40707-2","article-title":"Reduced sperm telomere length in individuals with varicocele is associated with reduced genomic integrity.","volume":"9","author":"Tahamtan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0489","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the cAMP-induced activation of Ras and the phosphorylation of ERK1\/2 in Leydig cells.","volume":"25","author":"Tai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2020.1712747","article-title":"Seminal oxidation-reduction potential and sperm DNA fragmentation index increase among infertile men with varicocele.","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Fertil."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0297-205","article-title":"Men homozygous for an inactivating mutation of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene present variable suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility.","volume":"15","author":"Tapanainen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/144.3.181","article-title":"The prevalence of varicoceles in a group of healthy young men.","volume":"144","author":"Thomason","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4166","article-title":"Male fertility is reduced by chronic intermittent hypoxia mimicking sleep apnea in mice.","volume":"37","author":"Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(16)30040-7","article-title":"Novel concepts in the aetiology of male reproductive impairment.","volume":"5","author":"Tournaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility\u2013a clinical perspective.","volume":"14","author":"Tremellen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200501-114oc","article-title":"Hypogonadism, quadriceps weakness, and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"172","author":"Van Vliet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4067\/s0716-97602011000200008","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia on epididymal sperm parameters and protective role of ibuprofen and melatonin.","volume":"44","author":"Vargas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2008.00346.x","article-title":"Evidence that chronic hypoxia causes reversible impairment on male fertility.","volume":"10","author":"Verratti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12515","article-title":"Sperm forward motility is negatively affected by short-term exposure to altitude hypoxia.","volume":"48","author":"Verratti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6484","article-title":"Sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and fatigue: relation to visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercytokinemia.","volume":"85","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00224-4","article-title":"Pulmonary emphysema impairs male reproductive physiology due to testosterone and oxidative stress imbalance in Mesocricetus auratus.","volume":"27","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00395-0","article-title":"Effects of HIF-1alpha on spermatogenesis of varicocele rats by regulating VEGF\/PI3K\/Akt Signaling Pathway.","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5510","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension.","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B220","article-title":"Biological network model of effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on spermatogenesis in rats.","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0025","article-title":"Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and fertility: lessons from testicular cell-specific androgen receptor knockout mice.","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B222","article-title":"Hypoxia causes transgenerational impairments in reproduction of fish.","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.04.019","article-title":"Transcription regulation of NRF1 on StAR reduces testosterone synthesis in hypoxemic murine.","volume":"191","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16401","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14842","article-title":"Hypoxia reduces testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells by inhibiting NRF1-activated StAR expression.","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-18-0148","article-title":"HIF 1 inhibits StAR transcription and testosterone synthesis in murine Leydig cells.","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2005.03.008","article-title":"The hypoxic testis and post-meiotic expression of PAS domain proteins.","volume":"16","author":"Wenger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B227","year":"2010","journal-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination, and Processing of Human Semen."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03122-4","article-title":"Autophagy in hypoxic ovary.","volume":"76","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.3","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction.","volume":"2","author":"Yafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.080903","article-title":"Wnt5a is a cell-extrinsic factor that supports self-renewal of mouse spermatogonial stem cells.","volume":"124","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25974","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes is mediated by HIF-1alpha through a death receptor pathway and a mitochondrial pathway.","volume":"233","author":"Yin","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B232","first-page":"545","article-title":"Elevation of autophagy rescues spermatogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes.","volume":"156","author":"Yin","year":"","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000052627.99976.18","article-title":"Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure.","volume":"107","author":"Yokoe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009.","volume":"92","author":"Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12449","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced apoptosis and mechanism of epididymal dysfunction in rats with left-side varicocele.","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000007707","article-title":"Varicoceles affect semen quality of infertile men in Southern China: a cross-sectional study of 5447 cases.","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.07.013","article-title":"A high-fat, high-protein diet attenuates the negative impact of casein-induced chronic inflammation on testicular steroidogenesis and sperm parameters in adult mice.","volume":"252","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02463-5","article-title":"Elevated ROS depress mitochondrial oxygen utilization efficiency in cardiomyocytes during acute hypoxia.","volume":"472","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03064-0","article-title":"Effect of silencing HIF-1alpha gene on testicle spermatogenesis function in varicocele rats.","volume":"378","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2018.0133","article-title":"Short-term high-altitude exposure (3600 m) alters the type distribution of sperm deformity.","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10971","article-title":"Hypoxia induces apoptosis of mouse spermatocyte GC-2 cells through activation of autophagy.","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.07.013","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine ameliorates the erectile dysfunction caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats: partly involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress.","volume":"86","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7253","article-title":"Autophagy may play an important role in varicocele.","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.725933\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T01:12:35Z","timestamp":1631495555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.725933\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"references-count":243,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2021.725933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.725933","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"article-number":"725933"}}