{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:08:53Z","timestamp":1791320933274,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) plays important roles in processes such as immunomodulation, fever, inflammatory response, inhibition of tumor formation, and inhibition of viral replication. TNF-\u03b1 and its receptors are ubiquitously expressed in developing organs and they regulate the survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and progenitor cells. TNF-\u03b1 is an important inflammatory factor that also regulates the inflammatory response during organogenesis, and its cytotoxic effects can interfere with normal developmental processes, even leading to the onset of diseases. This review summarizes the various roles of TNF-\u03b1 in organogenesis in terms of its secreting pattern, concentration-dependent activities, and interactions with other signaling pathways. We also explored new potential functions of TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.727075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1627628782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Signaling and Organogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"515","article-title":"Activin A is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and modulates collagen gene expression in human amniotic cells.","volume":"36","author":"Abe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214400","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor signaling requires iRhom2 to promote trafficking and activation of TACE.","volume":"335","author":"Adrain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1184","article-title":"Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.","volume":"3","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/s0736-0266(00)00078-4","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in chondrocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.","volume":"19","author":"Aizawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.12.037","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha during neonatal brain development affects anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult male and female mice.","volume":"261","author":"Babri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0914","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 modulates survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in neonatal subventricular zone cell cultures.","volume":"26","author":"Bernardino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.06.014","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation via PPAR-\u03b3 signalling and prevents tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-dependent maturational arrest.","volume":"1862","author":"Bernardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(01)01995-8","article-title":"The molecular architecture of the TNF superfamily.","volume":"27","author":"Bodmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1086\/514092","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 contributes to apoptosis in hippocampal neurons during experimental group B streptococcal meningitis.","volume":"176","author":"Bogdan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7007","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.15.7007","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 is an autocrine growth factor for normal human B cells.","volume":"91","author":"Boussiotis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S A."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.0000086961.44581.b7","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 promotes macrophage-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis by direct and autocrine mechanisms.","volume":"23","author":"Boyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-019-00093-w","article-title":"Prophylactic TNF blockade reduces autoimmune toxicity.","volume":"18","author":"Bradley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20531","article-title":"Microglia-derived tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 exaggerates death of newborn hippocampal progenitor cells in vitro.","volume":"80","author":"Cacci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3666","article-title":"An endotoxin induced serum factor that cuases necrosis of tumors.","volume":"72","author":"Carswell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000112104","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates glutamate neurotoxicity in human fetal brain cell cultures.","volume":"16","author":"Chao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.04.009","article-title":"Erythropoietin-dependent autocrine secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in hematopoietic cells modulates proliferation via MAP kinase-ERK-1\/2 and does not require tyrosine docking sites in the EPO receptor.","volume":"298","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2020.101401","article-title":"Autophagy was involved in tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-inhibited osteogenic differentiation of murine calvarial osteoblasts through Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway.","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tissue Cell."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39259","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m105335200","article-title":"Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis by nuclear factor \u03baB-independent bone morphogenetic protein\/smad signaling.","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0030com","article-title":"Cardiomyocytes overexpressing TNF-\u03b1 attract migration of embryonic stem cells via activation of p38 and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase.","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0480-3","article-title":"Urban traffic-derived nanoparticulate matter reduces neurite outgrowth via TNF\u03b1 in vitro.","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m009147200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 induction of endothelial ephrin A1 expression is mediated by a p38 MAPK- and SAPK\/JNK-dependent but nuclear factor-\u03baB-independent mechanism.","volume":"276","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000085203.46621.f4","article-title":"Targeted overexpression of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor provokes a concentric cardiac hypertrophic phenotype.","volume":"108","author":"Dibbs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2006.10.019","article-title":"Developmental switch in the effects of TNF\u03b1 on ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"57","author":"Doherty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13852","article-title":"Luminal signalling links cell communication to tissue architecture during organogenesis.","volume":"515","author":"Durdu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L909","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00367.2015","article-title":"Absence of TNF-\u03b1 enhances inflammatory response in the newborn lung undergoing mechanical ventilation.","volume":"310","author":"Ehrhardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02555979","article-title":"Effects of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 on proliferation and expression of differentiated phenotypes in rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture.","volume":"47","author":"Enomoto","year":"1990","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1112-x","article-title":"Involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha in steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head: friend or foe?","volume":"10","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.11.7739","article-title":"Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1.","volume":"141","author":"Gilbert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m106339200","article-title":"Expression of the osteoblast differentiation factor RUNX2 (Cbfa1\/AML3\/Pebp2\u03b1A) is inhibited by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1.","volume":"277","author":"Gilbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300446","article-title":"Prenatal infection and risk for schizophrenia: IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF\u03b1 inhibit cortical neuron dendrite development.","volume":"29","author":"Gilmore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G757","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00408.2005","article-title":"Reduction of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis with anti-TNF-\u03b1.","volume":"290","author":"Halpern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.06.003","article-title":"The interaction of butyrate with TNF-\u03b1 during differentiation and apoptosis of colon epithelial cells: role of NF-\u03baB activation.","volume":"44","author":"H\u00fd\u017e\u00efalov\u00e1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf306","article-title":"Eiger, a TNF superfamily ligand that triggers the Drosophila JNK pathway.","volume":"21","author":"Igaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(92)90083-4","article-title":"The autocrine role of tumor necrosis factor in the proliferation and functional differentiation of human lymphokine-activated T killer cells (T-LAK) in vitro.","volume":"4","author":"Innins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00430.x","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 expression in embryos exposed to a teratogen.","volume":"40","author":"Ivnitsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-11-0084","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressed constitutively in erythroid cells or induced by erythropoietin has negative and stimulatory roles in normal erythropoiesis and erythroleukemia.","volume":"101","author":"Jacobs-Helber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002010205","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and embryonic mouse lung morphogenesis.","volume":"201","author":"Jaskoll","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12115","article-title":"Increased levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) but not transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF\u03b21) are associated with the severity of congenital hydrocephalus in the hyh mouse.","volume":"40","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.09.003","article-title":"Different combinations of maternal and postnatal diet are reflected in changes of hepatic parenchyma and hepatic TNF-alpha expression in male rat offspring.","volume":"119","author":"Ka\u010darevi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.30","article-title":"Human eosinophil activin A synthesis and mRNA stabilization are induced by the combination of IL-3 plus TNF.","volume":"94","author":"Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0033-1","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 induces human neural progenitor cell survival after oxygen-glucose deprivation by activating the NF-\u03baB pathway.","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1082","article-title":"IL-1- and TNF-induced bone resorption is mediated by p38 mitogen activated protein kinase.","volume":"187","author":"Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050783","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 affects human cortical neural progenitor cell differentiation through the autocrine secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor.","volume":"7","author":"Lan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9955","article-title":"TNF signaling via the ligand-receptor pair ectodysplasin and edar controls the function of epithelial signaling centers and is regulated by Wnt and activin during tooth organogenesis.","volume":"229","author":"Laurikkala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508122102","article-title":"The role of TNF-\u03b1 in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse: analysis of dendritic cell maturation.","volume":"102","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4810","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101610","article-title":"Autocrine TNF is critical for the survival of human dendritic cells by regulating BAK, BCL-2, and FLIP L.","volume":"188","author":"Lehner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"3141","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone morphogenetic factor 9 adenovirus-transduced rat follicle stem cells via Wnt signaling.","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0632fje","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 regulates early differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts in an autocrine fashion.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1122","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 tumor necrosis factor-and transforming growth factor-\u03b2 inhibit cyclic AMP-induced Schwann cell differentiation.","volume":"36","author":"Lisak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.06.085","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-18 modulate neuronal cell fate in embryonic neural progenitor culture.","volume":"1054","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"945","article-title":"Tumor-necrosis-factor-induced fibroblast growth factor-1 acts as a survival factor in a transformed endothelial cell line.","volume":"149","author":"Maier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040805","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 act in synergy to inhibit longitudinal growth in fetal rat metatarsal bones.","volume":"19","author":"M\u00e5rtensson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.05.004","article-title":"Estrogen and glucocorticoid regulate osteoblast differentiation through the interaction of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in C2C12 cells.","volume":"325","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7688","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 is toxic to embryonic mesencephalic dopamine neurons.","volume":"169","author":"McGuire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.2.450","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 enhances oocyte\/follicle apoptosis in the neonatal rat ovary.","volume":"66","author":"Morrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.03.099","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 inhibits BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation through activating SAPK\/JNK signaling.","volume":"356","author":"Mukai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs156","article-title":"LPS-induced microglial secretion of TNF\u03b1 increases activity-dependent neuronal apoptosis in the neonatal cerebral cortex.","volume":"23","author":"Nimmervoll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2014.12.006","article-title":"The neurite growth inhibitory effects of soluble TNF\u03b1 on developing sympathetic neurons are dependent on developmental age.","volume":"88","author":"Nolan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2413547","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF).","volume":"230","author":"Old","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092340112","article-title":"A comparative study on the effects of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), human angiogenic factor (h-AF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo.","volume":"234","author":"Olivo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20665","article-title":"HIV-1-infected and\/or immune-activated macrophage-secreted TNF-\u03b1 affects human fetal cortical neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.","volume":"56","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1159\/000477891","article-title":"Effect of TNF-\u03b1 inhibition on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury via the Wnt signaling pathway in a rat model.","volume":"42","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1172\/jci113963","article-title":"Binding and biological effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on cultured human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes.","volume":"83","author":"Pillai","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.04.029","article-title":"Msx2 is required for TNF-\u03b1-induced canonical Wnt signaling in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.","volume":"408","author":"Qadir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23945","article-title":"Mmp23b promotes liver development and hepatocyte proliferation through the tumor necrosis factor pathway in zebrafish.","volume":"52","author":"Qi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-015-9630-7","article-title":"High dose of TNF-\u03b1 suppressed osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by activating the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling.","volume":"46","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63766-2","article-title":"Innate immune functions of astrocytes are dependent upon tumor necrosis factor-alpha.","volume":"10","author":"Rodgers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.072","article-title":"Preterm labor is induced by intraamniotic infusions of interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 but not by interleukin-6 or interleukin-8 in a nonhuman primate model.","volume":"195","author":"Sadowsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400235","article-title":"Cell death in the gastrulating chick embryo: potential roles for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1).","volume":"4","author":"Sanders","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462.e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.010","article-title":"Human fetal TNF-\u03b1-cytokine-producing CD4 + effector memory T cells promote intestinal development and mediate inflammation early in life.","volume":"50","author":"Schreurs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01983-16","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced recruitment of inflammatory mononuclear cells leads to inflammation and altered brain development in murine cytomegalovirus-infected newborn mice.","volume":"91","author":"Seleme","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9604-x","article-title":"Skeletal muscle cells possess a \u2018memory\u2019 of acute early life TNF-\u03b1 exposure: role of epigenetic adaptation.","volume":"17","author":"Sharples","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0336","article-title":"Comparison of osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells and primary osteoblasts revealed by responses to IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3.","volume":"23","author":"Sidney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.05.005","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and bone morphogenetic protein signaling are controlled by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in human bone cells.","volume":"38","author":"Singhatanadgit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1597","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes inhibit the survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells by secreted TNF-\u03b1.","volume":"28","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt492","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 influence the differentiation and migration of murine MSCs independently of the NF-\u03baB pathway.","volume":"5","author":"Sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(92)92386-c","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 induce activin A gene expression in a human bone marrow stronal cell line.","volume":"188","author":"Takahashi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8216","DOI":"10.1021\/bi952182t","article-title":"Human pro-tumor necrosis factor is a homotrimer.","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345990780100601","article-title":"Autocrine regulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by IL-l alpha and TNF alpha.","volume":"78","author":"Tani-Ishii","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-5-2029","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (cachectin) stimulates bone resorption in mouse calvaria via a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism.","volume":"120","author":"Tashjian","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939.2015.1127449","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 blockade efficiently reduced severe intestinal damage in necrotizing enterocolitis.","volume":"29","author":"Tayman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Surg."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1387406","article-title":"Keratin 17 modulates hair follicle cycling in a TNF\u03b1-dependent fashion.","volume":"20","author":"Tong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.01174.x","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 protects embryos exposed to developmental toxicants.","volume":"49","author":"Torchinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L196","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00127.2016","article-title":"Cartilage rings contribute to the proper embryonic tracheal epithelial differentiation, metabolism, and expression of inflammatory genes.","volume":"312","author":"Turcatel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1596","article-title":"Two distinct effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 on osteoclast development and subsequent resorption of mineralized matrix.","volume":"129","author":"Van Der Pluijm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.138","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 primes cerebral endothelial cells for erythropoietin-induced angiogenesis.","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R880","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00280.2006","article-title":"Human progenitor cells from bone marrow or adipose tissue produce VEGF, HGF, and IGF-I in response to TNF by a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism.","volume":"291","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"B88","first-page":"675","article-title":"Notch-TNF signalling is required for development and homeostasis of arterial valves.","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.10.022","article-title":"Postnatal administration of memantine rescues TNF-\u03b1-induced decreased hippocampal precursor proliferation.","volume":"662","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.10.4754","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 is an autocrine growth regulator during macrophage differentiation.","volume":"89","author":"Witsell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod58.6.1416","article-title":"Impact of tumor necrosis factor on mouse embryonic stem cells.","volume":"58","author":"Wuu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.09.009","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha partially contributes to lipopolysaccharide- induced intra-uterine fetal growth restriction and skeletal development retardation in mice.","volume":"163","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35987","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.070540","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 represses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by interfering with the DNA binding of smads through the activation of NF-\u03baB.","volume":"284","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/03008200903019703","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 upregulates expression of BMP-2 and BMP-3 genes in the rat dental follicle-Implications for tooth eruption.","volume":"51","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.7.4015","article-title":"Involvement of interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent angiogenesis.","volume":"17","author":"Yoshida","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232356","article-title":"TGF-beta and TNF-alpha cooperatively induce mesenchymal transition of lymphatic endothelial cells via activation of Activin signals.","volume":"15","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22729","article-title":"Mechanism of TNF-\u03b1-induced migration and hepatocyte growth factor production in human mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.1202","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 mediates RANK ligand stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by an autocrine mechanism.","volume":"83","author":"Zou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7541554","article-title":"Requirement for TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b1 in fetal thymocyte commitment and differentiation.","volume":"268","author":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Pfl\u00fccker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.727075\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T07:06:38Z","timestamp":1627628798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.727075\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2021.727075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.727075","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"article-number":"727075"}}