{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:37:05Z","timestamp":1792089425376,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFE0196300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFE0196300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772875 U1932135 82073889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772875 U1932135 82073889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20DZ2270800 19JC1410200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2270800 19JC1410200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2020CR1009A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1009A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oncolytic viruses are naturally occurring or genetically engineered viruses that can replicate preferentially in tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. These viruses have been considered an effective anticancer strategy in recent years. They mainly function by direct oncolysis, inducing an anticancer immune response and expressing exogenous effector genes. Their multifunctional characteristics indicate good application prospects as cancer therapeutics, especially in combination with other therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the utility of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapeutics. Here, we review the characteristics, antitumor mechanisms, clinical applications, deficiencies and associated solutions, and future prospects of oncolytic viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.790150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T07:46:56Z","timestamp":1638344816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Oncolytic Virotherapy: From Bench to Bedside"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ludi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0737-2","article-title":"Eradication of Glioblastoma by Immuno-Virotherapy with a Retargeted Oncolytic HSV in a Preclinical Model","volume":"38","author":"Alessandrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.58.3377","article-title":"Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients with Advanced Melanoma","volume":"33","author":"Andtbacka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jco"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5286-0","article-title":"Patterns of Clinical Response with Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) in Patients with Melanoma Treated in the OPTiM Phase III Clinical Trial","volume":"23","author":"Andtbacka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-18-4022","article-title":"Phase I Trial of an ICAM-1-Targeted Immunotherapeutic-Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) as an Oncolytic Agent against Non Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Annels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-18-3200","article-title":"Biological Consequences of MHC-II Expression by Tumor Cells in Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Axelrod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90441-7","article-title":"Adenovirus Proteins from Both E1B reading Frames Are Required for Transformation of Rodent Cells by Viral Infection and DNA Transfection","volume":"156","author":"Barker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.022","article-title":"Tumor Interferon Signaling Regulates a Multigenic Resistance Program to Immune Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"167","author":"Benci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5286.373","article-title":"An Adenovirus Mutant that Replicates Selectively in P53- Deficient Human Tumor Cells","volume":"274","author":"Bischoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1086\/344319","article-title":"Virological Features and Clinical Manifestations Associated with Human Metapneumovirus: A New Paramyxovirus Responsible for Acute Respiratory\u2010Tract Infections in All Age Groups","volume":"186","author":"Boivin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau0417","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau0417","article-title":"MEK Inhibition Enhances Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy through Increased Tumor Cell Killing and T Cell Activation","volume":"10","author":"Bommareddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0014-6","article-title":"Integrating Oncolytic Viruses in Combination Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Bommareddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwx105","article-title":"Selectins in Cancer Immunity","volume":"28","author":"Borsig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16001","DOI":"10.1038\/mto.2016.1","article-title":"Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing Interferon-\u03c3 Has Enhanced Therapeutic Activity","volume":"3","author":"Bourgeois-Daigneault","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. - Oncolytics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-12-2687","article-title":"Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Disrupts Tumor-Associated Vasculature in Humans","volume":"73","author":"Breitbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10358","article-title":"Intravenous Delivery of a Multi-Mechanistic Cancer-Targeted Oncolytic Poxvirus in Humans","volume":"477","author":"Breitbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300215","article-title":"Targeted Inflammation during Oncolytic Virus Therapy Severely Compromises Tumor Blood Flow","volume":"15","author":"Breitbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1037058","article-title":"Oncolytic Viruses: From Bench to Bedside with a Focus on Safety","volume":"11","author":"Buijs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073964","article-title":"Anti-tumor Activity of a miR-199-dependent Oncolytic Adenovirus","volume":"8","author":"Callegari","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86769","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21423","article-title":"Oncolytic Reovirus Inhibits Angiogenesis through Induction of CXCL10\/IP-10 and Abrogation of HIF Activity in Soft Tissue Sarcomas","volume":"8","author":"Carew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00320","article-title":"Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-014-1214-6","article-title":"Virotherapy Targeting Cyclin E Overexpression in Tumors with Adenovirus-Enhanced Cancer-Selective Promoter","volume":"93","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1932","article-title":"Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling by Intratumoral Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Enhances the Efficacy of Immune-Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"25","author":"Chon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.12.5247","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus 1 gamma(1)34.5 Gene Function, Which Blocks the Host Response to Infection, Maps in the Homologous Domain of the Genes Expressed during Growth Arrest and DNA Damage","volume":"91","author":"Chou","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-015-0131-z","article-title":"Oncolytic Tanapoxvirus Expressing FliC Causes Regression of Human Colorectal Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice","volume":"34","author":"Conrad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.13.2.18436","article-title":"Combination of Oncolytic Adenovirus and Dacarbazine Enhances Antitumor Ability against Uveal Melanoma Cells via Cell Cycle Block","volume":"13","author":"Cun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.12.128","article-title":"Frequent Homozygous Deletions of Type I Interferon Genes in Pleural Mesothelioma Confer Sensitivity to Oncolytic Measles Virus","volume":"15","author":"Delaunay","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.01.025","article-title":"Oncolytic and Immunologic Cancer Therapy with GM-CSF-Armed Vaccinia Virus of Tian Tan Strain Guang9","volume":"372","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2018.10.001","article-title":"Myelolytic Treatments Enhance Oncolytic Herpes Virotherapy in Models of Ewing Sarcoma by Modulating the Immune Microenvironment","volume":"11","author":"Denton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. - Oncolytics"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"7464","article-title":"A Phase I Trial of CV706, a Replication-Competent, PSA Selective Oncolytic Adenovirus, for the Treatment of Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Radiation Therapy","volume":"61","author":"Deweese","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-09-2974","article-title":"Targeted Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer with a Chimeric Oncolytic Adenovirus Coding for Bifunctional Suicide Protein FCU1","volume":"16","author":"Dias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"2666","article-title":"Efficient Induction of Cell Death by Adenoviruses Requires Binding of E1B55k and P53","volume":"60","author":"Dix","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.05.006","article-title":"Oncolytic VSV Primes Differential Responses to Immuno-Oncology Therapy","volume":"25","author":"Durham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1160","article-title":"Antitumoral Immune Response by Recruitment and Expansion of Dendritic Cells in Tumors Infected with Telomerase-dependent Oncolytic Viruses","volume":"69","author":"Edukulla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(21)00245-x","article-title":"Neural Stem Cell Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus in Newly Diagnosed Malignant Glioma: a First-In-Human, Phase 1, Dose-Escalation Trial","volume":"22","author":"Fares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805629","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/805629","article-title":"Systemic Delivery of Oncolytic Viruses: Hopes and Hurdles","volume":"2012","author":"Ferguson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Virol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2019.03.005","article-title":"The Enhanced Tumor Specificity of TG6002, an Armed Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Deleted in Two Genes Involved in Nucleotide Metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Foloppe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. - Oncolytics"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2024947","article-title":"Oncolytic HSV-1 G207 Immunovirotherapy for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas","volume":"384","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9398","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-07-1063","article-title":"Depletion of Peripheral Macrophages and Brain Microglia Increases Brain Tumor Titers of Oncolytic Viruses","volume":"67","author":"Fulci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0007-y","article-title":"Approaches to Treat Immune Hot, Altered and Cold Tumours with Combination Immunotherapies","volume":"18","author":"Galon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-016-3767-2","article-title":"Erratum to: A Novel Vaccinia Virus with Dual Oncolytic and Anti-angiogenic Therapeutic Effects against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"156","author":"Gholami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.07.008","article-title":"Kinase Inhibitors with Viral Oncolysis: Unmasking Pharmacoviral Approaches for Cancer Therapy","volume":"56","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor. Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-017-9578-1","article-title":"Antiangiogenesis and Medical Therapy Failure in Intracranial Atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015550","article-title":"Adenovirus Entry: From Infection to Immunity","volume":"6","author":"Greber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6197","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00206-12","article-title":"Molecular Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the Vaccinia Virus I3 Protein, the Replicative Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein","volume":"86","author":"Greseth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04345-w","article-title":"Structural Basis for Biologically Relevant Mechanical Stiffening of a Virus Capsid by Cavity-Creating or Spacefilling Mutations","volume":"7","author":"Guerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"2831","article-title":"Isobolographic Analysis Demonstrates Additive Effect of Cisplatin and HDIs Combined Treatment Augmenting Their Anti-cancer Activity in Lung Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"6","author":"Gumbarewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0495-7","article-title":"Vaccinia Virus-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy: Cancer Vaccines and Oncolytics","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunotherapy Cancer"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3160.156-b","article-title":"Identification of Vaccine Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus","volume":"122","author":"Hanson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0029-0","article-title":"Optimizing Oncolytic Virotherapy in Cancer Treatment","volume":"18","author":"Harrington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6170","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0992","article-title":"The Use of a Tropism-Modified Measles Virus in Folate Receptor-Targeted Virotherapy of Ovarian Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2016.12.004","article-title":"Oncolytic Adenoviruses Armed with Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-2 Enable Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy","volume":"4","author":"Havunen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat3990","article-title":"Up Close with Herpesviruses","volume":"360","author":"Heldwein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3089","article-title":"Randomized Dose-Finding Clinical Trial of Oncolytic Immunotherapeutic Vaccinia JX-594 in Liver Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Heo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2014.069","article-title":"Immunological Effects of a Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus","volume":"26","author":"Hirvinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2015.986454","article-title":"Aerosol Gene Delivery Using Viral Vectors and Cationic Carriers Forin Vivolung Cancer Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301470","article-title":"Recombinant Oncolytic Adenovirus H101 Combined with siBCL2: Cytotoxic Effect on Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines","volume":"96","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044301","article-title":"Therapeutic Efficacy by Targeting Correction of Notch1-Induced Aberrants in Uveal Tumors","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw440","article-title":"Vectorized Gene Therapy of Liver Tumors: Proof-Of-Concept of TG4023 (MVA-FCU1) in Combination with Flucytosine","volume":"28","author":"Husseini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-206","article-title":"Treatment of Medulloblastoma with Oncolytic Measles Viruses Expressing the Angiogenesis Inhibitors Endostatin and Angiostatin","volume":"14","author":"Hutzen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003836","article-title":"From Scourge to Cure: Tumour-Selective Viral Pathogenesis as a New Strategy against Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ilkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos Pathog."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301703","article-title":"Differential Effects of Angiostatin, Endostatin and Interferon-\u03911 Gene Transfer on In Vivo Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"9","author":"Indraccolo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0158-0","article-title":"Uveal Melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Jager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.04.008","article-title":"Potentiating Oncolytic Virus-Induced Immune-Mediated Tumor Cell Killing Using Histone Deacetylase Inhibition","volume":"27","author":"Jennings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2013.84","article-title":"In Vivo safety, Biodistribution and Antitumor Effects of uPAR Retargeted Oncolytic Measles Virus in Syngeneic Cancer Models","volume":"21","author":"Jing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180029","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180029","article-title":"Electrophysiological Alterations in a Murine Model of Chronic Coxsackievirus B3 Myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Kaese","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.05.009","article-title":"Progress and Problems with the Use of Suicide Genes for Targeted Cancer Therapy","volume":"99","author":"Karjoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-044813","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP as an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA","volume":"86","author":"Kato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.178","article-title":"Erratum: Oncolytic Viruses: a New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs","volume":"15","author":"Kaufman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10529","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.05050-11","article-title":"Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Induces strong Mucosal and Serum Antibody Responses in Guinea Pigs","volume":"85","author":"Khattar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/78638","article-title":"A Controlled Trial of Intratumoral ONYX-015, a Selectively-Replicating Adenovirus, in Combination with Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in Patients with Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Khuri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.05.008","article-title":"Systemic Armed Oncolytic and Immunologic Therapy for Cancer with JX-594, a Targeted Poxvirus Expressing GM-CSF","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1997.8.17-2057","article-title":"Therapeutic Efficiency and Safety of a Second-Generation Replication-Conditional HSV1 Vector for Brain Tumor Gene Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kramm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2008.83","article-title":"Comparison of Intravenous versus Intraperitoneal Administration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus 1 for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Mice","volume":"16","author":"Kulu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2738","article-title":"Antitumor Effects of Telomerase-specific Replication-Selective Oncolytic Viruses for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cell Lines","volume":"30","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy033","article-title":"Constitutive Interferon Pathway Activation in Tumors as an Efficacy Determinant Following Oncolytic Virotherapy","volume":"110","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2012.745507","article-title":"Oncolytic Reovirus Type 3 (Dearing) as a Novel Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kyula","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-095-9_14","article-title":"Manufacture of Measles Viruses","volume":"737","author":"Langfield","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.2064","article-title":"Oncolytic Viruses in Cancer Treatment","volume":"3","author":"Lawler","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2017.04.001","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated Gene Delivery: Potential Applications for Gene and Cell-Based Therapies in the new era of Personalized Medicine","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8916","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008916","article-title":"Double-detargeted Oncolytic Adenovirus Shows Replication Arrest in Liver Cells and Retains Neuroendocrine Cell Killing Ability","volume":"5","author":"Leja","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27863","article-title":"The Oncolytic Virus H101 Combined with GNAQ siRNA\u2010mediated Knockdown Reduces Uveal Melanoma Cell Viability","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31060","article-title":"Potent Antitumor Effect of Tumor Microenvironment-Targeted Oncolytic Adenovirus against Desmoplastic Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0095-6","article-title":"Multifunctional Oncolytic Nanoparticles Deliver Self-Replicating IL-12 RNA to Eliminate Established Tumors and Prime Systemic Immunity","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1521-5","article-title":"Activation of Type I Interferon Antiviral Response in Human Neural Stem Cells","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i31.5138","article-title":"Preclinical Evaluation of Herpes Simplex Virus Armed with Granulocyte-Macrophage colony-stimulating Factor in Pancreatic Carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wjg"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7020037","article-title":"A Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7310005","article-title":"Targeting Gene-Virotherapy of Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14754","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14754","article-title":"Rational Combination of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus and PD-L1 Blockade Works Synergistically to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2010.62","article-title":"Development of an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Using a Tumor-specific HIF-Responsive Promoter","volume":"18","author":"Longo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B90","first-page":"618","article-title":"Overview of Phase I Studies of Intravenous Administration of PV701, an Oncolytic Virus","volume":"5","author":"Lorence","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6531","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2018.9476","article-title":"Low Expression of miR-199 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Contributes to Tumor Cell Hyper-Proliferation by Negatively Suppressing XBP1","volume":"16","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03351-7","article-title":"Tumor Angiogenesis: Causes, Consequences, Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"77","author":"Lugano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001486","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001486","article-title":"Clinical Landscape of Oncolytic Virus Research in 2020","volume":"8","author":"Macedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-19-2078","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in Combination with the Oncolytic Virus Pelareorep and Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase Ib Study","volume":"26","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177810","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177810","article-title":"Development of a Versatile Oncolytic Virus Platform for Local Intra-tumoural Expression of Therapeutic Transgenes","volume":"12","author":"Marino","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.228","article-title":"Phase Ib Trial of Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus G207 Inoculated Pre-and post-tumor Resection for Recurrent GBM","volume":"17","author":"Markert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37290-3","article-title":"Repositioning Salicylanilide Anthelmintic Drugs to Treat Adenovirus Infections","volume":"9","author":"Marrugal-Lorenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1126\/science.295.5563.2198","article-title":"Cancer Therapy. Setbacks for Endostatin","volume":"295","author":"Marshall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794528","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/794528","article-title":"RNA-based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"2015","author":"McNamara","year":"20152015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5696","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-16-3232","article-title":"Phase I Trial of Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus (GL-ONC1) with Cisplatin and Radiotherapy in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Mell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9039","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812268106","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Tumor Growth in Mice by an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Designed to Target Solely HER-2-Positive Cells","volume":"106","author":"Menotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0995-938","article-title":"Attenuated Multi-Mutated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas","volume":"1","author":"Mineta","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10020092","article-title":"Infection and Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Neurons: Role of the Cytoskeleton","volume":"10","author":"Miranda-Saksena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10664","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-07-3107","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 and -8 Improve the Distribution and Efficacy of an Oncolytic Virus","volume":"67","author":"Mok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.218","article-title":"Noninvasive Imaging and Radiovirotherapy of Prostate Cancer Using an Oncolytic Measles Virus Expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter","volume":"17","author":"Msaouel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113219","article-title":"Past, Present and Future of Oncolytic Reovirus","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0632-y","article-title":"Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Orchestrate Innate and Adaptive Anti-tumor Immunity Induced by Oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21","volume":"7","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00173","article-title":"Therapy-Induced MHC I Ligands Shape Neo-Antitumor CD8 T Cell Responses during Oncolytic Virus-Based Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2174\/156800907780058808","article-title":"Clinical experiment of Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus HF10 Therapy for Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Nakao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ccdt"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14981","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803988105","article-title":"Chemical Targeting of the Innate Antiviral Response by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Renders Refractory Cancers Sensitive to Viral Oncolysis","volume":"105","author":"Nguy\u00ean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03432-4","article-title":"Structural Basis for the Recognition of LDL-Receptor Family Members by VSV Glycoprotein","volume":"9","author":"Nikolic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e988098","DOI":"10.4161\/21505594.2014.988098","article-title":"Oncolytic Virus Expressing RANTES and IL-15 Enhances Function of CAR-Modified T Cells in Solid Tumors","volume":"4","author":"Nishio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1112","article-title":"The TRAIL of Oncogenes to Apoptosis","volume":"39","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006514","article-title":"Utilizing Ras Signaling Pathway to Direct Selective Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus-1","volume":"4","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-015-0077-x","article-title":"Route of Antigen Delivery Impacts the Immunostimulatory Activity of Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Pardee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunotherapy Cancer"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz1863","article-title":"Effective Combination Immunotherapy Using Oncolytic Viruses to Deliver CAR Targets to Solid Tumors","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.109","article-title":"Phase 1b Trial of Biweekly Intravenous Pexa-Vec (JX-594), an Oncolytic and Immunotherapeutic Vaccinia Virus in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v9.i2.5","article-title":"Geometric Architecture of Viruses","volume":"9","author":"Parvez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wjv"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2002.08.042","article-title":"Phase I Trial of Intravenous Administration of PV701, an Oncolytic Virus, in Patients with Advanced Solid Cancers","volume":"20","author":"Pecora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jco"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29059","article-title":"Isolated Limb Perfusion with Melphalan, Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Improves Tumour Targeting and Prolongs Survival in a Rat Model of Advanced Extremity Sarcoma","volume":"136","author":"Pencavel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700948","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Oncolytic Measles Virotherapy: Eventual Equilibrium between Virus and Tumor in an Ovarian Cancer Xenograft Model","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B122","first-page":"2462","article-title":"Use of a Vaccine Strain of Measles Virus Genetically Engineered to Produce Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Novel Therapeutic Agent against Glioblastoma Multiforme","volume":"63","author":"Phuong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-NB2015-158","article-title":"First Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Poh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.40","article-title":"Taming the Trojan Horse: Optimizing Dynamic Carrier Cell\/oncolytic Virus Systems for Cancer Biotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Power","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.135","article-title":"The Case of Oncolytic Viruses versus the Immune System: Waiting on the Judgment of Solomon","volume":"20","author":"Prestwich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-018-0322-z","article-title":"Tumor Vasculature: a Sally Port for Inhibiting Cancer Cell Spreading","volume":"38","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5493","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-04-4526","article-title":"Ionizing Radiation-Induced Adenovirus Infection Is Mediated by Dynamin 2","volume":"65","author":"Qian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-07-1510","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide Facilitates Antitumor Efficacy against Subcutaneous Tumors Following Intravenous Delivery of Reovirus","volume":"14","author":"Qiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0458-z","article-title":"Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy: Future Prospects for Oncology","volume":"6","author":"Raja","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunotherapy Cancer"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.12.022","article-title":"Oncolytic Virotherapy-Mediated Anti-tumor Response: a Single-Cell Perspective","volume":"39","author":"Ramelyte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-05-1059","article-title":"CG0070, a Conditionally Replicating Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Ramesh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3191","article-title":"Adoptive Immunotherapy for Cancer: Harnessing the T Cell Response","volume":"12","author":"Restifo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.08.027","article-title":"Oncolytic Virotherapy Promotes Intratumoral T Cell Infiltration and Improves Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy","volume":"170","author":"Ribas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.01.019","article-title":"First-in-Human, First-In-Child Trial of Autologous MSCs Carrying the Oncolytic Virus Icovir-5 in Patients with Advanced Tumors","volume":"28","author":"Ruano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.03.007","article-title":"MicroRNAs and Oncolytic Viruses","volume":"13","author":"Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.07.006","article-title":"Macrophage Polarization Contributes to Glioblastoma Eradication by Combination Immunovirotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"32","author":"Saha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaam7577","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam7577","article-title":"Intravenous Delivery of Oncolytic Reovirus to Brain Tumor Patients Immunologically Primes for Subsequent Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"10","author":"Samson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-28-81","article-title":"Oncolytic Adenovirus Mediated Survivin Knockdown by RNA Interference Suppresses Human Colorectal Carcinoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7720","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209041","article-title":"Unshackling the Links between Reovirus Oncolysis, Ras Signaling, Translational Control and Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Shmulevitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A. Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8110491","article-title":"Design and Engineering of Deimmunized Vaccinia Viral Vectors","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10736","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms130910736","article-title":"Combined Treatment with an Oncolytic Adenovirus and Antitumor Activity of Vincristine against Retinoblastoma Cells","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ijms"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0403","article-title":"A Phase I Clinical Trial of Single-Dose Intrapleural IFN-Beta Gene Transfer for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Metastatic Pleural Effusions: High Rate of Antitumor Immune Responses","volume":"13","author":"Sterman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2011.49","article-title":"Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Treatment for Colorectal Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02414-16","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Abrogates the cGAS\/STING-Mediated Cytosolic DNA-Sensing Pathway via its Virion Host Shutoff Protein, UL41","volume":"91","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.05.078","article-title":"Oncolytic Viruses in Radiation Oncology","volume":"99","author":"Touchefeu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"B147","first-page":"3438","article-title":"An E2F-Responsive Replication-Selective Adenovirus Targeted to the Defective Cell Cycle in Cancer Cells: Potent Antitumoral Efficacy but No Toxicity to normal Cell","volume":"62","author":"Tsukuda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.211","article-title":"Effective Treatment of an Orthotopic Xenograft Model of Human Glioblastoma Using an EGFR-Retargeted Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus","volume":"21","author":"Uchida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2007.002","article-title":"Survivin-driven and Fiber-Modified Oncolytic Adenovirus Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity in Established Intracranial Glioma","volume":"18","author":"Ulasov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16018","DOI":"10.1038\/mtm.2016.18","article-title":"Moving Oncolytic Viruses into the Clinic: Clinical-Grade Production, Purification, and Characterization of Diverse Oncolytic Viruses","volume":"3","author":"Ungerechts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. - Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2017.015","article-title":"Oncolytic Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Is Nonpathogenic and Nontransmissible in Pigs, a Natural Host of VSV","volume":"28","author":"Velazquez-Salinas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther. Clin. Dev."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26013","article-title":"Potentiation of Tumor Radiotherapy by a Radiation-Inducible Oncolytic and Oncoapoptotic Adenovirus in Cervical Cancer Xenografts","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-015-0271-1","article-title":"Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Chimeric Antibody Enhanced Anti-tumor Efficacy in Orthotopic Hepatoma-Bearing Mice","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7713","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-09-1013","article-title":"Expression of IFN-\u03b2 Enhances Both Efficacy and Safety of Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Therapy of Mesothelioma","volume":"69","author":"Willmon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-17-0314","article-title":"Improving CART-Cell Therapy of Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Virus-Driven Production of a Bispecific T-Cell Engager","volume":"6","author":"Wing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1410-x","article-title":"Graphene Oxide Arms Oncolytic Measles Virus for Improved Effectiveness of Cancer Therapy","volume":"38","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2015.098","article-title":"Systemic Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Decorin for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastases","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.04.007","article-title":"The Application of Multiple miRNA Response Elements Enables Oncolytic Adenoviruses to Possess Specificity to Glioma Cells","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46627","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046627","article-title":"A Novel Anticancer Therapy that Simultaneously Targets Aberrant P53 and Notch Activities in Tumors","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2006.21.225","article-title":"Oncolytic Adenovirus-Mediated E1A Gene Therapy Induces Tumor-Cell Apoptosis and Reduces Tumor Angiogenesis Leading to Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth in Animal Model","volume":"21","author":"Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Biother. Radiopharm."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.006","article-title":"Viral Infection of the Lung: Host Response and Sequelae","volume":"132","author":"Yoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009013334223","article-title":"Selectively Replicating Adenoviruses for Oncolytic Therapy","volume":"1","author":"Yoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ccdt"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq148","article-title":"A Single Intravenous Injection of Oncolytic Picornavirus SVV-001 Eliminates Medulloblastomas in Primary Tumor-Based Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Models","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0664-3","article-title":"Molecular and Metabolic Pathways Mediating Curative Treatment of a Non-hodgkin B Cell Lymphoma by Sindbis Viral Vectors and anti-4-1BB Monoclonal Antibody","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.236","article-title":"Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy by Simultaneously Targeting Two Genetic Defects in Tumors","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-29-52","article-title":"Potent Anti-tumor Activity of Telomerase-dependent and HSV-TK Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20345","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3884","article-title":"A Novel oHSV-1 Targeting Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase-Positive Cancer Cells via Tumor-specific Promoters Regulating the Expression of ICP4","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700969","article-title":"The Antitumor Activity of TRAIL and IL-24 with Replicating Oncolytic Adenovirus in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148x.2010.00729.x","article-title":"Radiation-inducible Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Gene Therapy: a Novel Treatment for Radioresistant Uveal Melanoma","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-31-51","article-title":"Oncolytic Adenovirus Armed with IL-24 Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.790150\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1638344825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.790150\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"references-count":170,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2021.790150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.790150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"article-number":"790150"}}