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Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many marine organisms are generally poikilotherms, making seawater temperature one of the most important environmental factors affecting gonadal sex differentiation. Mollusca is the second-largest animal phylum with diverse reproductive systems, but studies on the impact of temperature on sex differentiation are limited to a few sequential hermaphrodites. By combining morphological and molecular analyses, we investigated the effect of temperature on gonadal sex differentiation of a commercially important gonochoristic scallop <jats:italic>Patinopecten yessoensis<\/jats:italic> in the field and under laboratory conditions. Based on the relative expression of <jats:italic>FoxL2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dmrt1L<\/jats:italic> in the gonads of 6- to 12\u00a0month-old scallops, we found the scallops start to differentiate at 7\u00a0months old in September when the seawater temperature was 21\u00b0C. To eliminate the effect of factors other than temperature on sex differentiation, we compared the gonadal development of juvenile scallops at different temperatures (21, 16 and 11\u00b0C) under laboratory conditions. After 50\u00a0days of treatment, the 11\u00b0C group contain more germ cell types, and have higher sex differentiation rates than the 21\u00b0C group. But no obvious sex bias was observed. These results suggest that high temperature (21\u00b0C) inhibits sex differentiation, whereas low temperature (11\u00b0C) accelerates sex differentiation by 2\u00a0months for this cold-water species. It also supports juvenile <jats:italic>P. yessoensis<\/jats:italic> is gonochoristic rather than protandrous hermaphroditic. Our study addresses for the first time an environmental influence associated with genetic controls on scallop sex differentiation. It will facilitate a better understanding of how environmental factors affect gonadal development in poikilotherms, especially in the less studied molluscs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.803046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T04:46:47Z","timestamp":1643604407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of Temperature on Gonadal Sex Differentiation of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruojiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenmin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2019.100214","article-title":"Sex Determination in Pearl Oyster: A Mini Review","volume":"15","author":"Adzigbli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. 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