{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:07:55Z","timestamp":1793214475156,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":279,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vital internal organs display a left-right (LR) asymmetric arrangement that is established during embryonic development. Disruption of this LR asymmetry\u2014or laterality\u2014can result in congenital organ malformations. <jats:italic>Situs inversus totalis<\/jats:italic> (SIT) is a complete concordant reversal of internal organs that results in a low occurrence of clinical consequences. <jats:italic>Situs ambiguous<\/jats:italic>, which gives rise to Heterotaxy syndrome (HTX), is characterized by discordant development and arrangement of organs that is associated with a wide range of birth defects. The leading cause of health problems in HTX patients is a congenital heart malformation. Mutations identified in patients with laterality disorders implicate motile cilia in establishing LR asymmetry. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SIT and HTX are not fully understood. In several vertebrates, including mouse, frog and zebrafish, motile cilia located in a \u201cleft-right organizer\u201d (LRO) trigger conserved signaling pathways that guide asymmetric organ development. Perturbation of LRO formation and\/or function in animal models recapitulates organ malformations observed in SIT and HTX patients. This provides an opportunity to use these models to investigate the embryological origins of laterality disorders. The zebrafish embryo has emerged as an important model for investigating the earliest steps of LRO development. Here, we discuss clinical characteristics of human laterality disorders, and highlight experimental results from zebrafish that provide insights into LRO biology and advance our understanding of human laterality disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1035513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T07:17:50Z","timestamp":1671779870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Understanding laterality disorders and the left-right organizer: Insights from zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kadeen","family":"Forrest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria C.","family":"Barricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonny A.","family":"Pohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Hinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Amack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.045310","article-title":"Integrin alphaV is necessary for gastrulation movements that regulate vertebrate body asymmetry","volume":"137","author":"Ablooglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02341","article-title":"Early, H+-V-ATPase-dependent proton flux is necessary for consistent left-right patterning of non-mammalian vertebrates","volume":"133","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084576","article-title":"A human syndrome caused by immotile cilia","volume":"193","author":"Afzelius","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s12055-020-00935-y","article-title":"'The heterotaxy syndrome: Associated congenital heart defects and management","volume":"37","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. 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