{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:45:48Z","timestamp":1793051148992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0800802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0800802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019B1515120089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B1515120089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20160229210357960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20160229210357960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide sequences that can bind specific targets. The molecular weight of aptamers (&amp;lt;20\u00a0kDa) is lower than the renal filtration threshold (30\u223c50\u00a0kDa), resulting in very short half-lives\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which limit their druggability. The development of long-lasting modification approaches for aptamers can help address the druggability bottleneck of aptamers. This review summarized two distinct kinds of long-lasting modification approaches for aptamers, including macromolecular modification and low-molecular-weight modification. Though it is a current approach to extend the half-life of aptamers, the macromolecular modification approach could limit the space for the dosage increases, thus causing potential compliance concerns due to large molecular weight. As for the other modification approach, the low-molecular-weight modification approach, which uses low molecular weight coupling agents (LMWCAs) to modify aptamers, could greatly increase the proportion of aptamer moiety. However, some LMWCAs could bind to other proteins, causing a decrease in the drug amounts in blood circulation. Given these issues, the outlook for the next generation of long-lasting modification approaches was proposed at the end, including improving the administration method to increase dosage for aptamer drugs modified by macromolecule and developing Artificial intelligence (AI)-based strategies for optimization of LMWCAs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1048148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T02:43:46Z","timestamp":1667270626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Strategies for developing long-lasting therapeutic nucleic acid aptamer targeting circulating protein: The present and the future"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huarui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Wing Ho","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-101750-0.00014-3","article-title":"14 - PEGylation and its alternatives: A summary","volume-title":"Engineering of biomaterials for drug delivery systems","author":"Abbina","year":"2018"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9092-4_22","article-title":"Anti-PEG IgM production via a PEGylated nanocarrier system for nucleic acid delivery","volume":"1943","author":"Abu Lila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.07.026","article-title":"The accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon: Clinical challenge and approaches to manage","volume":"172","author":"Abu Lila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"11 - polypeptides: PASylation and XTEN","volume-title":"Engineering of biomaterials for drug delivery systems","author":"Anand","year":"2018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2147\/ccid.S162724","article-title":"Current trends in needle-free jet injection: An update","volume":"11","author":"Barolet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2017.06.004","article-title":"PASylation\u00ae: A versatile technology to extend drug delivery","volume":"31","author":"Binder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid & Interface Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13433","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti-hepcidin Spiegelmer lexaptepid pegol in healthy subjects","volume":"173","author":"Boyce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2004.10.017","article-title":"Direct in vitro selection of a 2'-O-methyl aptamer to VEGF","volume":"12","author":"Burmeister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.03.002","article-title":"Hidden dangers: Recognizing excipients as potential causes of drug and vaccine hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"9","author":"Caballero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.14322","article-title":"Chemical conjugation of Evans Blue derivative: A strategy to develop long-acting therapeutics through albumin binding","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12404","article-title":"PLGA based drug delivery systems: Promising carriers for wound healing activity","volume":"24","author":"Chereddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03459.x","article-title":"Inhibition of von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet activation and thrombosis by the anti-von Willebrand factor A1-domain aptamer ARC1779","volume":"7","author":"Diener","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05878","article-title":"Improving tumor accumulation of aptamers by prolonged blood circulation","volume":"92","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-017-0076","article-title":"Analysis of aptamer discovery and technology","volume":"1","author":"Dunn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.24183","article-title":"Albumin hitchhiking\" with an Evans Blue analog for cancer theranostics","volume":"8","author":"Ehlerding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/346818a0","article-title":"In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands","volume":"346","author":"Ellington","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21278","article-title":"The pharmacology of PEGylation: Balancing PD with PK to generate novel therapeutics","volume":"97","author":"Fishburn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11505","article-title":"A bispecific antibody targeting sclerostin and DKK-1 promotes bone mass accrual and fracture repair","volume":"7","author":"Florio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.59.860","article-title":"Steric and allosteric effects of fatty acids on the binding of warfarin to human serum albumin revealed by molecular dynamics and free energy calculations","volume":"59","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:25:2:097","article-title":"Transcytosis and catabolism of antibody","volume":"25","author":"Ghetie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.724864","article-title":"First-in-human evaluation of anti von Willebrand factor therapeutic aptamer ARC1779 in healthy volunteers","volume":"116","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042760","article-title":"Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"351","author":"Gragoudas","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.231","article-title":"The emerging field of RNA nanotechnology","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1033","article-title":"Effect of pegylation on pharmaceuticals","volume":"2","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b13-00059","article-title":"The polyethyleneglycol dilemma: Advantage and disadvantage of PEGylation of liposomes for systemic genes and nucleic acids delivery to tumors","volume":"36","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.03.006","article-title":"An aptamer-antibody complex (oligobody) as a novel delivery platform for targeted cancer therapies","volume":"229","author":"Heo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00257-5","article-title":"The mammalian fatty acid-binding protein multigene family: Molecular and genetic insights into function","volume":"11","author":"Hertzel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-020-00664-y","article-title":"Prediction of half-life extension of peptides via serum albumin binding: Current challenges","volume":"46","author":"Hijazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.07.011","article-title":"Harnessing albumin as a carrier for cancer therapies","volume":"130","author":"Hoogenboezem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00487","article-title":"Albumin-binding Evans Blue derivatives for diagnostic imaging and production of long-acting therapeutics","volume":"27","author":"Jacobson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8994","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201804156","article-title":"Floxuridine homomeric oligonucleotides \"hitchhike\" with albumin in situ for cancer chemotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaf9166","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf9166","article-title":"Subcutaneous drug delivery: An evolving enterprise","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.14.91","article-title":"Plga: A unique polymer for drug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Kapoor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.166470","article-title":"Transferrin fusion technology: A novel approach to prolonging biological half-life of insulinotropic peptides","volume":"334","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.1310-23","article-title":"Effect of long-chain fatty acids on the binding of triflupromazine to human serum albumin: A spectrophotometric study","volume":"82","author":"Kitamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Pharm."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200923020-00003","article-title":"Strategies to extend plasma half-lives of recombinant antibodies","volume":"23","author":"Kontermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.10.004","article-title":"An albumin-oligonucleotide assembly for potential combinatorial drug delivery and half-life extension applications","volume":"9","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40591-016-0048-8","article-title":"Albumin-based drug delivery: Harnessing nature to cure disease","volume":"4","author":"Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2015.30","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of a cholesterol-conjugated aptamer against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B protein","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzw039","article-title":"Fusion of an alcohol dehydrogenase with an aminotransferase using a PAS linker to improve coupled enzymatic alcohol-to-amine conversion","volume":"29","author":"Lerchner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Protein Eng. Des. Sel."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.09.015","article-title":"Tumor cell-targeted delivery of CRISPR\/Cas9 by aptamer-functionalized lipopolymer for therapeutic genome editing of VEGFA in osteosarcoma","volume":"147","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.5b00625","article-title":"Stable Evans Blue derived exendin-4 peptide for type 2 diabetes treatment","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.12.3965","article-title":"Affinity and specificity of levamlodipine-human serum albumin interactions: Insights into its carrier function","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.02.021","article-title":"Pegaptanib 1-year systemic safety results from a safety-pharmacokinetic trial in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"114","author":"Macugen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12090","article-title":"Prostate-specific RNA aptamer: Promising nucleic acid antibody-like cancer detection","volume":"5","author":"Marangoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.03.016","article-title":"Single dose GLP-1-Tf ameliorates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"165","author":"Matsubara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2092","article-title":"Single- and multiple-dose randomized studies of blosozumab, a monoclonal antibody against sclerostin, in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"29","author":"Mccolm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.11.053","article-title":"Study and evaluation of nucleolin-targeted delivery of magnetic PLGA-PEG nanospheres loaded with doxorubicin to C6 glioma cells compared with low nucleolin-expressing L929 cells","volume":"72","author":"Mosafer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. C Mat. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1683","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081683","article-title":"Chemical modifications of nucleic acid aptamers for therapeutic purposes","volume":"18","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2016.12.002","article-title":"Aptamers for CD antigens: From cell profiling to activity modulation","volume":"6","author":"Nozari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12416","article-title":"Antibody- and aptamer-strategies for GvHD prevention","volume":"19","author":"Oelkrug","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.10.010","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development","volume":"26","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-019-0389-6","article-title":"Advanced implantable drug delivery technologies: Transforming the clinical landscape of therapeutics for chronic diseases","volume":"21","author":"Pons-Faudoa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305074","article-title":"Phase 3 study of recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein in hemophilia B","volume":"369","author":"Powell","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2019.09.016","article-title":"Drug-polymer hybrid macromolecular engineering: Degradable PEG integrated by platinum(IV) for cancer therapy","volume":"1","author":"Qian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.02.075","article-title":"Synergistic influence of inhibition of PEG-surfactant on the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of procaine","volume":"257","author":"Raees","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.7454\/psr.v8i1.1105","article-title":"Interpersonal relationship and its effect on treatment compliance in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Renaldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2155","article-title":"FcRn: The neonatal Fc receptor comes of age","volume":"7","author":"Roopenian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.04.007","article-title":"Aptamer chemistry","volume":"134","author":"Rothlisberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.06.002","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery: Current perspectives","author":"Samaridou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-429688","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of a novel recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX with albumin (rIX-FP) in hemophilia B patients","volume":"120","author":"Santagostino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005870","article-title":"A new class of recombinant human albumin with multiple surface thiols exhibits stable conjugation and enhanced FcRn binding and blood circulation","volume":"294","author":"Schelde","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1588","article-title":"A recombinant polypeptide extends the in vivo half-life of peptides and proteins in a tunable manner","volume":"27","author":"Schellenberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzt023","article-title":"PASylation: A biological alternative to PEGylation for extending the plasma half-life of pharmaceutically active proteins","volume":"26","author":"Schlapschy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protein Eng. Des. Sel."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204004","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aa6a9b","article-title":"Site-selective conjugation of an anticoagulant aptamer to recombinant albumins and maintenance of neonatal Fc receptor binding","volume":"28","author":"Schmokel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-456756","article-title":"The effects of the anti-hepcidin Spiegelmer NOX-H94 on inflammation-induced anemia in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"121","author":"Schwoebel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.111.237529","article-title":"ARC15105 is a potent antagonist of von Willebrand factor mediated platelet activation and adhesion","volume":"32","author":"Siller-Matula","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.205930","article-title":"Olaptesed pegol (NOX-A12) with bendamustine and rituximab: A phase IIa study in patients with relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"104","author":"Steurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.11.002","article-title":"Establishing chitosan coated PLGA nanosphere platform loaded with wide variety of nucleic acid by complexation with cationic compound for gene delivery","volume":"354","author":"Tahara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300468w","article-title":"Aptamers from cell-based selection for bioanalytical applications","volume":"113","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2105157","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202105157","article-title":"Reversible shielding and immobilization of liposomes and viral vectors by tailored antibody-ligand interactions","volume":"18","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2200121","article-title":"Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase","volume":"249","author":"Tuerk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2015.11.015","article-title":"PEGylation of biopharmaceuticals: A review of chemistry and nonclinical safety information of approved drugs","volume":"105","author":"Turecek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.58","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization in mice and humans by a first-in-class mirror-image oligonucleotide inhibitor of CXCL12","volume":"94","author":"Vater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2017.09.006","article-title":"Selection of PD1\/PD-L1 X-aptamers","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.63177","article-title":"Therapeutic aptamer targeting sclerostin loop3 for promoting bone formation without increasing cardiovascular risk in osteogenesis imperfecta mice","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13931","article-title":"Spotlight Commentary: Medicines use during pregnancy and harmful effects on offspring","volume":"85","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1021\/bc980002x","article-title":"Liposome-anchored vascular endothelial growth factor aptamers","volume":"9","author":"Willis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.01.012","article-title":"Drug discovery of sclerostin inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31997-8","article-title":"Targeting loop3 of sclerostin preserves its cardiovascular protective action and promotes bone formation","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.06.040","article-title":"Anti-PEG antibodies in the clinic: Current issues and beyond PEGylation","volume":"244","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200900046","article-title":"A hybrid DNA aptamer-dendrimer nanomaterial for targeted cell labeling","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.1048148\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T02:43:51Z","timestamp":1667270631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.1048148\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2022.1048148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.1048148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"article-number":"1048148"}}