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Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress (OS) is a major disruption in the physiology of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU). Antioxidant enzymes have dual protective activities: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Peroxidases have been indistinctly used as markers of the secretory activity of the LFU and implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED), even though they comprise a large family of enzymes that includes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), among others. Assays to measure and correlate OS with other local LFU phenomena have methodological limitations. Studies implicate molecules and reactions involved in OS as markers of homeostasis, and other studies identify them as part of the physiopathology of diseases. Despite these conflicting concepts and observations, it is clear that OS is influential in the development of DED. Moreover, many antioxidant strategies have been proposed for its treatment, including calorie restriction to nutritional supplementation. This review offers a critical analysis of the biological mechanisms, diagnostic outcomes, drug use, dietary supplements, and life habits that implicate the influence of OS on DED.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.824726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T10:21:03Z","timestamp":1646994063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Oxidative Stress in the Protection and Injury of the Lacrimal Gland and the Ocular Surface: are There Perspectives for Therapeutics?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Camila Nunes","family":"Lemos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Ferreira","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Zilio","family":"Fantucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana de Andrade Batista","family":"Murashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leidiane","family":"Adriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Melani","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0b013e3181dea7d7","article-title":"Changes in Tear Protein Profile in Patients with Conjunctivochalasis","volume":"30","author":"Acera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-9-r80","article-title":"The Human Urinary Proteome Contains More Than 1500 Proteins, Including a Large Proportion of Membrane Proteins","volume":"7","author":"Adachi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.12.016","article-title":"AN Baer & PJ McDonnellTreatment of Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome-Associated Dry Eye an Evidence-Based Review","volume":"118","author":"Akpek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20140050","article-title":"Is Dry Eye an Environmental Disease?","volume":"77","author":"Alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0010-9","article-title":"Increased Expression of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Receptor, and Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B in Lacrimal Glands of Diabetic Rats","volume":"48","author":"Alves","year":"","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06209","article-title":"Nuclear Factor-\u039ab and Advanced Glycation End-Products Expression in Lacrimal Glands of Aging Rats","volume":"187","author":"Alves","year":"","journal-title":"J. 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