{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:37:18Z","timestamp":1784734638185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To investigate the effect of progesterone elevation during late follicular phase on early pregnancy outcomes and live births after fresh embryo transfers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Patients who underwent IVF\/ICSI treatment cycles were retrospectively enrolled. The effect of progesterone elevation was analyzed on early pregnancy outcome and live births after fresh embryo transfers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A total of 2,404 patients were enrolled on the day of HCG triggering (HCG0), 1,584 patients on the day before HCG triggering (HCG-1), and 800 patients 2\u00a0days before HCG triggering (HCG-2). With a 1\u00a0ng\/ml increase in the progesterone level on HCG0 day when the progesterone level was \u22651.5\u00a0ng\/ml, the clinical pregnancy rate decreased by 60% (95% CI: 0.2\u20130.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), the intrauterine pregnancy rate decreased by 70% (95% CI: 0.2\u20130.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), and the live birth rate decreased by 70% (95% CI: 0.1\u20130.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). With a 1\u00a0ng\/ml increase in the progesterone level on HCG-1 day, the clinical pregnancy rate decreased by 90% (95% CI: 0.0\u20130.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) when the progesterone level was \u22651.6\u00a0ng\/ml, the intrauterine pregnancy rate decreased by 90% (95% CI: 0.0\u20130.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) when the progesterone was \u22651.5\u00a0ng\/ml, and the live birth rate decreased by 90% (95% CI: 0.0\u20130.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.015) when the progesterone was \u22651.7\u00a0ng\/ml. On HCG-2 day when the progesterone was \u22651.2\u00a0ng\/ml, the clinical pregnancy rate decreased by 80% (95% CI: 0.1\u20130.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003), and the intrauterine pregnancy rate decreased by 70% (95% CI: 0.1\u20130.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) with a 1\u00a0ng\/ml increase in the progesterone level.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Elevated progesterone level during the late follicular phase is an independent risk factor affecting the clinical pregnancy rate, intrauterine pregnancy rate, and live birth rate among infertile patients undergoing IVF\/ICSI after fresh embryo transfers. When the progesterone level exceeds a certain level, the early pregnancy and live birth rates after fresh embryo transfers show a rapid downward trend.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.855455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T04:31:46Z","timestamp":1646973106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of Elevated Progesterone in Late Follicular Phase on Early Pregnancy Outcomes and Live Birth Rate After Fresh Embryo Transfers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yueming","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimin","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bu-Lang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.07.001","article-title":"Both high and Low Hcg Day Progesterone Concentrations Negatively Affect Live Birth Rates in Ivf\/icsi Cycles","volume":"39","author":"Arvis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. 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