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Abnormal expression of SERINC proteins occurs in human cancers of the breast, lung, colon, liver, and various glands, as well as in mouse testes. SERINC proteins also affect cleft lip and palate and nerve-related diseases, such as seizure Parkinsonism and borderline personality. Moreover, SERINC proteins have garnered significant interest as retroviral restriction factors, spurring efforts to define their function and elucidate the mechanisms through which they operate when associated with viruses. Human SERINC proteins possess antiviral potential against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-COV-2, murine leukemia virus (MLV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Furthermore, the crystal structure is known, and the critical residues of SERINC5 that act against HIV have been identified. In this review, we discuss the most prevalent mechanisms by which SERINC3 and SERINC5 antagonize viruses and focus on the potential therapeutic applications of SERINC5\/3 against HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.856468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T04:19:28Z","timestamp":1648786768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Emerging Role of the Serine Incorporator Protein Family in Regulating Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shaofen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janak L.","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingtao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.26145","article-title":"Fungal Ice2p Is in the Same Superfamily as SERINCs, Restriction Factors for HIV and Other Viruses","volume":"89","author":"Alli-Balogun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proteins-Structure Funct. 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