{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:09:18Z","timestamp":1793822958947,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070452 81700403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070452 81700403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection is closely related to atherosclerosis, which is a major pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is an important trigger in development of atherosclerosis that is associated with <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) infection. However, the mechanism of VSMC migration remains unclear, and whether antioxidant could be a therapeutic target for <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection-induced atherosclerosis also remains unknown. The results showed that <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection mainly impaired mitochondrial function and increased the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). The expressions of protein JunB, Fra-1 and Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP) evidently increased after <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection, and the interaction between JunB and Fra-1 was also enhanced. After scavenging mtROS by antioxidant Mito-TEMPO, the increasing expressions of JunB, Fra-1, MMP2 and the capacity of VSMC migration induced by <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection were all inhibited. In comparison with infected ApoE<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice, the level of ROS in atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>TLR2<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice with <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection decreased. Knocking out TLR2 suppressed the expressions of JunB, Fra-1 and MMP2 in VSMCs and the formation of atherosclerotic lesion after <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection. Furthermore, after using small interfering RNA to inhibit the expression of TLR2, the level of mtROS and the expressions of JunB, Fra-1 and MMP2 apparently decreased. Taken together, <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection may promote VSMC migration and atherosclerosis development by increasing the level of mtROS through TLR2 to activate the JunB-Fra-1\/MMP2 signaling pathway. The data provide the first evidence that antioxidant could reduce <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection-induced VSMC migration and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.879023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T08:13:21Z","timestamp":1649751201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Atherosclerosis Through Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated JunB-Fra-1 Activation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guolin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhelong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.07.017","article-title":"Assessment of Novel Antioxidant Therapy in Atherosclerosis by Contrast Ultrasound Molecular Imaging","volume":"31","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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