{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:51:54Z","timestamp":1792183914019,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skeletal muscle is essential to physical activity and energy metabolism. Maintaining intact functions of skeletal muscle is crucial to health and wellbeing. Evolutionarily, skeletal muscle has developed a remarkable capacity to maintain homeostasis and to regenerate after injury, which indispensably relies on the resident muscle stem cells, satellite cells. Satellite cells are largely quiescent in the homeostatic steady state. They are activated in response to muscle injury. Activated satellite cells proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to form myotubes which further grow and differentiate into mature myofibers. This process is tightly regulated by muscle microenvironment that consists of multiple cellular and molecular components, including macrophages. Present in both homeostatic and injured muscles, macrophages contain heterogeneous functional subtypes that play diverse roles in maintaining homeostasis and promoting injury repair. The spatial-temporal presence of different functional subtypes of macrophages and their interactions with myogenic cells are vital to the proper regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury. However, this well-coordinated process is often disrupted in a chronic muscle disease, such as muscular dystrophy, leading to asynchronous activation and differentiation of satellite cells and aberrant muscle regeneration. Understanding the precise cellular and molecular processes regulating interactions between macrophages and myogenic cells is critical to the development of therapeutic manipulation of macrophages to promote injury repair. Here, we review the current knowledge of the many roles played by macrophages in the regulation of myogenic cells in homeostatic, regenerating, and dystrophic skeletal muscles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.952249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T01:54:42Z","timestamp":1657504482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["The Many Roles of Macrophages in Skeletal Muscle Injury and Repair"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070075","article-title":"Inflammatory Monocytes Recruited after Skeletal Muscle Injury Switch into Antiinflammatory Macrophages to Support Myogenesis","volume":"204","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142883","article-title":"Monitoring of Blood Vessels and Tissues by a Population of Monocytes with Patrolling Behavior","volume":"317","author":"Auffray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.07.026","article-title":"Regulation and Phylogeny of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"433","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0184-y","article-title":"Meteorin-like Facilitates Skeletal Muscle Repair through a Stat3\/IGF-1 Mechanism","volume":"2","author":"Baht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2967","article-title":"Constant Replenishment from Circulating Monocytes Maintains the Macrophage Pool in the Intestine of Adult Mice","volume":"15","author":"Bain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ncomms11852","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11852","article-title":"Long-lived Self-Renewing Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Displace Embryo-Derived Cells to Inhabit Adult Serous Cavities","volume":"7","author":"Bain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.314028","article-title":"Tissue Resident CCR2\u2212 and CCR2+ Cardiac Macrophages Differentially Orchestrate Monocyte Recruitment and Fate Specification Following Myocardial Injury","volume":"124","author":"Bajpai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.07.009","article-title":"mdx((5)cv) Mdx Mice Manifest More Severe Muscle Dysfunction and Diaphragm Force Deficits Than Do Mdx Mice","volume":"179","author":"Beastrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. pathology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.151.6.1221","article-title":"Expression of CD34 and Myf5 Defines the Majority of Quiescent Adult Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells","volume":"151","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.189","article-title":"Proinflammatory Macrophages Enhance the Regenerative Capacity of Human Myoblasts by Modifying Their Kinetics of Proliferation and Differentiation","volume":"20","author":"Bencze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2013.182","article-title":"Cellular Dynamics in the Muscle Satellite Cell Niche","volume":"14","author":"Bentzinger","year":"","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.09.015","article-title":"Fibronectin Regulates Wnt7a Signaling and Satellite Cell Expansion","volume":"12","author":"Bentzinger","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201510086","article-title":"Osteopontin Ablation Ameliorates Muscular Dystrophy by Shifting Macrophages to a Pro-regenerative Phenotype","volume":"213","author":"Capote","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2017.1346774","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Involves Macrophage-Myoblast Bonding","volume":"12","author":"Ceafalan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Adhesion Migr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra052723","article-title":"The Many Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Inflammation","volume":"354","author":"Charo","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200212046","article-title":"Satellite Cells Attract Monocytes and Use Macrophages as a Support to Escape Apoptosis and Enhance Muscle Growth","volume":"163","author":"Chazaud","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C953","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00154.2006","article-title":"Fat Accumulation with Altered Inflammation and Regeneration in Skeletal Muscle of CCR2\u2212\/\u2212 Mice Following Ischemic Injury","volume":"292","author":"Contreras-Shannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.2014.07.0165","article-title":"Volumetric Muscle Loss Leads to Permanent Disability Following Extremity Trauma","volume":"52","author":"Corona","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.03.011","article-title":"Muscle Satellite Cells Are Primed for Myogenesis but Maintain Quiescence with Sequestration of Myf5 mRNA Targeted by microRNA-31 in mRNP Granules","volume":"11","author":"Crist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201402079","article-title":"Asynchronous Remodeling is a Driver of Failed Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"207","author":"Dadgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4761427","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4761427","article-title":"Macrophages Are Key Regulators of Stem Cells during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Diseases","volume":"2019","author":"Dort","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00522-7","article-title":"Macrophage-released ADAMTS1 Promotes Muscle Stem Cell Activation","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140068","article-title":"Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Dumont","year":"","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.114223","article-title":"Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Satellite Cell Function","volume":"142","author":"Dumont","year":"","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090884","article-title":"Macrophages Protect against Muscle Atrophy and Promote Muscle Recovery In Vivo and In Vitro: a Mechanism Partly Dependent on the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Signaling Molecule","volume":"176","author":"Dumont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. pathology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880151008","article-title":"Differential Expression of Muscular Dystrophy in Diaphragm versus Hindlimb Muscles of Mdx Mice","volume":"15","author":"Dupont-Versteegden","year":"1992","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","author":"Emery","year":"1993"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.019","article-title":"Embryonic and Adult-Derived Resident Cardiac Macrophages Are Maintained through Distinct Mechanisms at Steady State and during Inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Epelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-00593-7","article-title":"FoxO Maintains a Genuine Muscle Stem-Cell Quiescent State until Geriatric Age","volume":"22","author":"Garc\u00eda-Prat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(03)00174-2","article-title":"Blood Monocytes Consist of Two Principal Subsets with Distinct Migratory Properties","volume":"19","author":"Geissmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0356-7","article-title":"Dynamic Changes to Lipid Mediators Support Transitions Among Macrophage Subtypes during Muscle Regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Giannakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals that Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3671","article-title":"Monocytes and Macrophages: Developmental Pathways and Tissue Homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3324","article-title":"New Insights into the Multidimensional Concept of Macrophage Ontogeny, Activation and Function","volume":"17","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu735","article-title":"Toll-like Receptor 4 Ablation in Mdx Mice Reveals Innate Immunity as a Therapeutic Target in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"24","author":"Giordano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(94)90019-1","article-title":"Age-related Changes in Collagen Gene Expression in the Muscles of Mdx Dystrophic and Normal Mice","volume":"4","author":"Goldspink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-resident Macrophages Originate from Yolk-Sac-Derived Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Gomez Perdiguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2063","article-title":"The Transcription Factor NR4A1 (Nur77) Controls Bone Marrow Differentiation and the Survival of Ly6C- Monocytes","volume":"12","author":"Hanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200103)24:3<428::aid-mus1018>3.0.co;2-e","article-title":"Impact of Prednisone on TGF-Beta1 and Collagen in Diaphragm Muscle From mdx Mice","volume":"24","author":"Hartel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004","article-title":"Tissue-resident Macrophages Self-Maintain Locally throughout Adult Life with Minimal Contribution from Circulating Monocytes","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.11.010","article-title":"The Myogenic Regulatory Factors, Determinants of Muscle Development, Cell Identity and Regeneration","volume":"72","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars Cell & Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705420114","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 Is Essential for Efficacious Skeletal Muscle Stem-Cell Function, Augmenting Regeneration and Strength","volume":"114","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.01.001","article-title":"Fetal Monocytes and the Origins of Tissue-Resident Macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.011","article-title":"C-Myb+ Erythro-Myeloid Progenitor-Derived Fetal Monocytes Give Rise to Adult Tissue-Resident Macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00486","article-title":"Ontogeny of Tissue-Resident Macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4","article-title":"Dystrophin: the Protein Product of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Locus","volume":"51","author":"Hoffman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(03)00319-2","article-title":"IL-4 Acts as a Myoblast Recruitment Factor during Mammalian Muscle Growth","volume":"113","author":"Horsley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.04.070","article-title":"Recruitment and Therapeutic Application of Macrophages in Skeletal Muscles after Hind Limb Ischemia","volume":"67","author":"Hsieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21848","article-title":"Impaired Respiratory Function in Mdx and Mdx\/utrn(+\/\u2212) Mice","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B49","first-page":"4488","article-title":"Effect of AAV9-hIGF-1 on Inflammatory Reaction in Mdx Mice and its Mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2015","article-title":"Muscle Injury Activates Resident Fibro\/adipogenic Progenitors that Facilitate Myogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Joe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7815com","article-title":"Apoptotic Cells Induce Arginase II in Macrophages, Thereby Attenuating NO Production","volume":"21","author":"Johann","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.077","article-title":"AMPK Activation Regulates LTBP4-dependent TGF-\u03921 Secretion by Pro-inflammatory Macrophages and Controls Fibrosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"25","author":"Juban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0290-2","article-title":"Incorporation of Macrophages into Engineered Skeletal Muscle Enables Enhanced Muscle Regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Juhas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.03.017","article-title":"Development and Function of Tissue Resident Macrophages in Mice","volume":"27","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seminars Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.044","article-title":"Asymmetric Self-Renewal and Commitment of Satellite Stem Cells in Muscle","volume":"129","author":"Kuang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.10.027","article-title":"Coupling between Myogenesis and Angiogenesis during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Is Stimulated by Restorative Macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Latroche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3869","article-title":"Nilotinib Reduces Muscle Fibrosis in Chronic Muscle Injury by Promoting TNF-Mediated Apoptosis of Fibro\/adipogenic Progenitors","volume":"21","author":"Lemos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.87315","article-title":"Heart-resident CCR2(+) Macrophages Promote Neutrophil Extravasation through TLR9\/MyD88\/CXCL5 Signaling","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C370","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00453.2002","article-title":"TNF-Alpha Is a Mitogen in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"285","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-178939","article-title":"Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury: CCL2 Expression by Both Monocytes and Injured Muscle Is Required for Repair","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-171579","article-title":"Macrophages Recruited via CCR2 Produce Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 to Repair Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008408","article-title":"Macrophages Fine Tune Satellite Cell Fate in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle of Mdx Mice","volume":"15","author":"Madaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-13","article-title":"The M1 and M2 Paradigm of Macrophage Activation: Time for Reassessment","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7303","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7303","article-title":"Transcriptional Profiling of the Human Monocyte-To-Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization: New Molecules and Patterns of Gene Expression","volume":"177","author":"Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4238","article-title":"Specification of Tissue-Resident Macrophages during Organogenesis","volume":"353","author":"Mass","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-020-00259-w","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Satellite Cell Fate during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Massenet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.9.2.493","article-title":"Satellite Cell of Skeletal Muscle Fibers","volume":"9","author":"Mauro","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1172\/jci124635","article-title":"Annexin A1 Drives Macrophage Skewing to Accelerate Muscle Regeneration through AMPK Activation","volume":"130","author":"McArthur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00323586","article-title":"Resident Macrophages (ED2- and ED3-Positive) Do Not Phagocytose Degenerating Rat Skeletal Muscle Fibres","volume":"272","author":"McLennan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.010","article-title":"Macrophages, Immunity, and Metabolic Disease","volume":"41","author":"McNelis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201403967","article-title":"Inflammatory Monocytes Promote Progression of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Can Be Therapeutically Targeted via CCR 2","volume":"6","author":"Mojumdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.06.017","article-title":"AMPK\u03b11 Regulates Macrophage Skewing at the Time of Resolution of Inflammation during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Mounier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.07.005","article-title":"Macrophages Decide between Regeneration and Fibrosis in Muscle","volume":"26","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-C\u00e1noves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabolism"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.064162","article-title":"Satellite Cells, Connective Tissue Fibroblasts and Their Interactions Are Crucial for Muscle Regeneration","volume":"138","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage Activation and Polarization: Nomenclature and Experimental Guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4301","article-title":"Macrophage Activation and Skeletal Muscle Healing Following Traumatic Injury","volume":"232","author":"Novak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.010","article-title":"Tumor-associated Macrophages: from Mechanisms to Therapy","volume":"41","author":"Noy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R651","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00069.2007","article-title":"Delayed Angiogenesis and VEGF Production in CCR2\u2212\/\u2212 Mice during Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"293","author":"Ochoa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory, Integr. Comp. Physiology"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201104053","article-title":"p38\/MKP-1-regulated AKT Coordinates Macrophage Transitions and Resolution of Inflammation during Tissue Repair","volume":"195","author":"Perdiguero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00262","article-title":"The Regulation of Angiogenesis by Tissue Cell-Macrophage Interactions","volume":"5","author":"Rahat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4338","article-title":"A Polarizing Question: Do M1 and M2 Microglia Exist?","volume":"19","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e130807","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.130807","article-title":"Splenic Ly6Chi Monocytes Are Critical Players in Dystrophic Muscle Injury and Repair","volume":"5","author":"Rizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17475","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908641106","article-title":"A CREB-C\/EBP\u03b2 Cascade Induces M2 Macrophage-specific Gene Expression and Promotes Muscle Injury Repair","volume":"106","author":"Ruffell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030708","article-title":"The Transcription Factor Nfix Requires RhoA-ROCK1 Dependent Phagocytosis to Mediate Macrophage Skewing during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Saclier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1288","article-title":"Differentially Activated Macrophages Orchestrate Myogenic Precursor Cell Fate during Human Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"31","author":"Saclier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.09.008","article-title":"15d-PGJ2: the Anti-inflammatory Prostaglandin?","volume":"114","author":"Scher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","article-title":"A Lineage of Myeloid Cells Independent of Myb and Hematopoietic Stem Cells","volume":"336","author":"Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10321","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10321","article-title":"Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes Give Rise to Self-Renewing and Fully Differentiated Kupffer Cells","volume":"7","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)00066-0","article-title":"Pax7 Is Required for the Specification of Myogenic Satellite Cells","volume":"102","author":"Seale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13065","article-title":"Epigenetic Control of Adult Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Functions","volume":"282","author":"Segal\u00e9s","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276","article-title":"Resolution of Inflammation: the Beginning Programs the End","volume":"6","author":"Serhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2857-9","article-title":"Macrophage-derived Glutamine Boosts Satellite Cells and Muscle Regeneration","volume":"587","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3070","article-title":"Monocyte Recruitment during Infection and Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02988","article-title":"Human Macrophages Rescue Myoblasts and Myotubes from Apoptosis through a Set of Adhesion Molecular Systems","volume":"119","author":"Sonnet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/352536a0","article-title":"The Mdx Mouse Diaphragm Reproduces the Degenerative Changes of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"352","author":"Stedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-095901","article-title":"Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175202","article-title":"Identification of Splenic Reservoir Monocytes and Their Deployment to Inflammatory Sites","volume":"325","author":"Swirski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.004","article-title":"Origins and Functional Specialization of Macrophages and of Conventional and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in Mouse Skin","volume":"39","author":"Tamoutounour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10453","article-title":"Neutrophils Do Not Contribute to Local Tissue Damage, but Play a Key Role in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, in Mice Injected withBothrops Aspersnake Venom","volume":"28","author":"Teixeira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100092","article-title":"Mechanisms of Muscle Injury, Repair, and Regeneration","volume":"1","author":"Tidball","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1173","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00735.2009","article-title":"Regulatory Interactions between Muscle and the Immune System during Muscle Regeneration","volume":"298","author":"Tidball","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory, Integr. Comp. Physiology"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.66","article-title":"Monocyte\/Macrophage-derived IGF-1 Orchestrates Murine Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Modulates Autocrine Polarization","volume":"23","author":"Tonkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00543.x","article-title":"The Role of Neutrophils in Injury and Repair Following Muscle Stretch","volume":"208","author":"Toumi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.028","article-title":"Resident Macrophages Cloak Tissue Microlesions to Prevent Neutrophil-Driven Inflammatory Damage","volume":"177","author":"Uderhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2014","article-title":"Mesenchymal Progenitors Distinct from Satellite Cells Contribute to Ectopic Fat Cell Formation in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"12","author":"Uezumi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00068","article-title":"Roles of Nonmyogenic Mesenchymal Progenitors in Pathogenesis and Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle","volume":"5","author":"Uezumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2964","article-title":"Collagen VI Regulates Satellite Cell Self-Renewal and Muscle Regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Urciuolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.037","article-title":"Transcriptional Profiling of Quiescent Muscle Stem Cells In Vivo","volume":"21","author":"van Velthoven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034356","article-title":"Mechanisms of Organ Injury and Repair by Macrophages","volume":"79","author":"Vannella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301445","article-title":"Tissue LyC6- Macrophages Are Generated in the Absence of Circulating LyC6\u2212 Monocytes and Nur77 in a Model of Muscle Regeneration","volume":"191","author":"Varga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502490","article-title":"Highly Dynamic Transcriptional Signature of Distinct Macrophage Subsets during Sterile Inflammation, Resolution, and Tissue Repair","volume":"196","author":"Varga","year":"","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.016","article-title":"Macrophage PPAR\u03b3, a Lipid Activated Transcription Factor Controls the Growth Factor GDF3 and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"45","author":"Varga","year":"","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn376","article-title":"Shifts in Macrophage Phenotypes and Macrophage Competition for Arginine Metabolism Affect the Severity of Muscle Pathology in Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"18","author":"Villalta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq523","article-title":"Interleukin-10 Reduces the Pathology of Mdx Muscular Dystrophy by Deactivating M1 Macrophages and Modulating Macrophage Phenotype","volume":"20","author":"Villalta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.020","article-title":"Altered Macrophage Phenotype Transition Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"184","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. pathology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915950117","article-title":"Heterogeneous Origins and Functions of Mouse Skeletal Muscle-Resident Macrophages","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4750","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601308","article-title":"Identification and Function of Fibrocytes in Skeletal Muscle Injury Repair and Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"197","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.01.004","article-title":"Infiltrating Macrophages Are Broadly Activated at the Early Stage to Support Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury Repair","volume":"317","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200105110","article-title":"A Nitric Oxide Synthase Transgene Ameliorates Muscular Dystrophy in Mdx Mice","volume":"155","author":"Wehling","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12034","article-title":"Macrophage Biology in Development, Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"496","author":"Wynn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3575","article-title":"Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of TGF-\u03b2 Production in Response to Apoptotic Cells","volume":"181","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2011","article-title":"Satellite Cells and the Muscle Stem Cell Niche","volume":"93","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.05.006","article-title":"Dek Modulates Global Intron Retention during Muscle Stem Cells Quiescence Exit","volume":"53","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m112.419788","article-title":"Interleukin-6\/signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Pathway Is Essential for Macrophage Infiltration and Myoblast Proliferation during Muscle Regeneration","volume":"288","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15672","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.ra119.008795","article-title":"Phagocytosis Mediated by Scavenger Receptor Class BI Promotes Macrophage Transition during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"294","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600619r","article-title":"CCR2 Deficiency Does Not Provide Sustained Improvement of Muscular Dystrophy in Mdx 5cv Mice","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2005.09.009","article-title":"Temporal and Spatial mRNA Expression Patterns of TGF-\u03921, 2, 3 and T\u03b2RI, II, III in Skeletal Muscles of Mdx Mice","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-258558","article-title":"Nomenclature of Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in Blood","volume":"116","author":"Ziegler-Heitbrock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1031","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.558","article-title":"Macrophages Commit Postnatal Endothelium-Derived Progenitors to Angiogenesis and Restrict Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition during Muscle Regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Zordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.952249\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T01:54:46Z","timestamp":1657504486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.952249\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"references-count":131,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2022.952249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.952249","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"article-number":"952249"}}