{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:29:59Z","timestamp":1787318999308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dexamethasone (dexa) is commonly used to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (MSCs)\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic>\n                    However, it is paradoxical that glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexa lead to bone loss and increased fracture risk in patients undergoing glucocorticoid therapy, causing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). In a recent publication, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells isolated from jaw periosteal tissue (JPCs) does not depend on dexa, if the medium is supplemented with human platelet lysate (hPL) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). This allows the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditions to be much closer to the natural situation\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and enables us to compare osteogenic differentiation with and without dexa. In the present study, we demonstrate that the absence of dexa did not reduce mineralization capacity, but instead slightly improved the osteogenic differentiation of jaw periosteal cells. On the other hand, we show that dexa supplementation strongly alters the gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM), and cellular communication of jaw periosteal cells. The secretome of periosteal cells previously treated with an osteogenic medium with and without dexa was used to investigate the changes in paracrine secretion caused by dexa. Dexa altered the secretion of several cytokines by jaw periosteal cells and strongly induced osteoclast differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study demonstrates how dexa supplementation can influence the outcome of\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies and highlights a possible role of periosteal cells in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The methods used here can serve as a model for studying bone formation, fracture healing, and various pathological conditions such as (glucocorticoid-induced) osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone cancer, and others, in which the interactions of osteoblasts with surrounding cells play a key role.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.953516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T03:00:30Z","timestamp":1667185230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["How osteogenic is dexamethasone?\u2014effect of the corticosteroid on the osteogenesis, extracellular matrix, and secretion of osteoclastogenic factors of jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Umrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanjing","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Danalache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegmar","family":"Reinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Naros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e8","article-title":"Regulation of osteoclast differentiation by cytokine networks","volume":"18","author":"Amarasekara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00252.x","article-title":"Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells in a serum-free adherent culture condition","volume":"76","author":"Baharvand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Differentiation."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400815","article-title":"Dexamethasone inhibits spontaneous apoptosis in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes via Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induction","volume":"8","author":"Bailly-Maitre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756-3282(03)00086-3","article-title":"Interleukin-8 stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is a mechanism for the increased osteolysis of metastatic bone disease","volume":"33","author":"Bendre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.11.004","article-title":"The dual role of IL-6-type cytokines on bone remodeling and bone tumors","volume":"20","author":"Blanchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00007","article-title":"Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: Basic and clinical correlates","volume":"119","author":"Boumpas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. 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