{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:54:56Z","timestamp":1790736896322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> We previously reported that stroma cells regulate constitutive and inductive PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression and immune escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. ICOSLG (B7-H2), belongs to the B7 protein family, also participates in regulating T cells activation for tissue homeostasis via binding to ICOS and inducing ICOS<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell differentiation as well as stimulate B-cell activation, while it appears to be abnormally expressed during carcinogenesis. Clarifying its heterogeneous clinical expression pattern and its immune landscape is a prerequisite for the maximum response rate of ICOSLG-based immunotherapy in a specific population.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This retrospective study included OSCC tissue samples (n = 105) to analyze the spatial distribution of ICOSLG. Preoperative peripheral blood samples (n = 104) and independent tissue samples (n = 10) of OSCC were collected to analyze the changes of immunocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells and macrophages) according to ICOSLG level in different cellular contents.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> ICOSLG is ubiquitous in tumor cells (TCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with high ICOSLGTCs or TILs showed high TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, which predicted a decreased overall or metastasis-free survival. This sub-cohort was featured with diminished CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and increased Foxp3+ cells in invasive Frontier <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, and increased absolute numbers of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in peripheral blood. ICOSLG also positively correlated with other immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, CSF1R, CTLA4, IDO1, IL10, PD1).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Tumor cell-derived ICOSLG could be an efficient marker of OSCC patient stratification for precision immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1257314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:10:21Z","timestamp":1695978621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["ICOSLG-associated immunological landscape and diagnostic value in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuexin","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616629","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.616629","article-title":"Biomarkers for immunotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma: current status and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Almangush","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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