{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:20:06Z","timestamp":1774383606994,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Epidemiological evidence over the last few decades has consistently shown that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes, including male and female infertility, poor-pregnancy outcomes, and increased risk of diseases in childhood and beyond. To investigate the effects of EDCs and lifestyle on all aspects of reproduction (including early oocyte development, fertilization, embryo development, embryo implantation, abortion, and preterm birth).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We performed this cohort study on patients receiving <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) treatment. Biological samples including urine, serum, follicular fluid, semen, fetal tissue, decidua, and placenta, were obtained.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> By studying the correlations between reproductive outcomes and environmental pollutant exposure and lifestyle, we determined the toxicological mechanisms and health effects of EDCs on female reproductive health. We found that higher concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances were correlated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Using specific biomarkers, we also detected the concentrations of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in urine and found that OPFRs may disrupt hormone homeostasis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> All of these results reveal EDCs may disrupt female reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1335028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T04:26:25Z","timestamp":1717388785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reproductive toxicology of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals in women: a cohort study protocol"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30275-3","article-title":"Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the USA: a population-based disease burden and cost analysis","volume":"4","author":"Attina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5935\/1518-0557.20160009","article-title":"Human follicular fluid and effects on reproduction","volume":"20","author":"Basuino","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBRA Assist. Reprod."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A104","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205448","article-title":"The impact of endocrine disruption: a consensus statement on the state of the science","volume":"121","author":"Bergman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi174","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Kadoorie study of Chronic disease in China (KSCDC)","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2023.101084","article-title":"Mechanisms linking neurological disorders with reproductive endocrine dysfunction: Insights from epilepsy research","volume":"71","author":"Cutia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa018","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the ovary","volume":"26","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv197","article-title":"Chronic exposure of female Mice to an environmental level of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Suppresses Estrogen synthesis through Reduced Histone H3K14 Acetylation of the StAR promoter leading to Deficits in follicular development and ovulation","volume":"148","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci. Official J. Soc. Toxicol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107503","article-title":"Exposure assessment of aryl-organophosphate esters based on specific urinary biomarkers and their associations with reproductive hormone homeostasis disruption in women of childbearing age","volume":"169","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67005","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11309","article-title":"Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and their metabolites in follicular fluid and association with Diminished ovarian reserve: a case-control study","volume":"131","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901450","article-title":"PBDE concentrations in women's serum and fecundability","volume":"118","author":"Harley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.10.010","article-title":"Organotin compounds cause structure-dependent induction of progesterone in human choriocarcinoma Jar cells","volume":"155","author":"Hiromori","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00872","article-title":"Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Gamma and disruption of progesterone synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in human placental choriocarcinoma cells: Comparison with triphenyl phosphate","volume":"51","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58640-4","article-title":"Feasibility analysis of China's medical insurance coverage of assisted reproductive technology","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9529","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02386","article-title":"Receptor-bound Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic acids Dictate their activity on human and mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.049","article-title":"Blood serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in men from Greenlandic Inuit and European populations","volume":"88","author":"Lindh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hoy001","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoy001","article-title":"The environment and reproductive health (EARTH) study: a Prospective Preconception cohort","volume":"2018","author":"Messerlian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000525","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of Phthalate metabolites and pregnancy loss among women Conceiving with medically assisted reproduction","volume":"27","author":"Messerlian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.039","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome related infertility in Chinese women","volume":"247","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut. Barking, Essex 1987"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy167","article-title":"Impact of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on reproductive Ability of female Mice through Suppression of Estrogen receptor \u03b1-activated Kisspeptin Neurons","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci. Official J. Soc. Toxicol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116251","article-title":"Exploring the molecular mechanisms by which per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances induce polycystic ovary syndrome through in silico toxicogenomic data mining","volume":"275","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.05.004","article-title":"\u03b3-Linolenic acid ameliorates DHEA induced pro-inflammatory response in polycystic ovary syndrome via PPAR-\u03b3 signaling in rats","volume":"20","author":"Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127019","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11998","article-title":"Associations between Phthalate metabolite concentrations in follicular fluid and reproductive outcomes among women undergoing in vitro fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic sperm Injection treatment","volume":"131","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093120","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Gamma Modulator promotes neonatal mouse Primordial follicle activation in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.022","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers for assessment of human exposure to monomeric aryl phosphate flame retardants","volume":"124","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1335028\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T10:17:52Z","timestamp":1721384272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1335028\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2024.1335028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1335028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"article-number":"1335028"}}