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The rate-limiting ectoenzyme ENTPD1\/CD39 and the ecto-5\u2032-nucleotidase\/CD73 are the prototype members of the ectonucleotidase family, being responsible for ATP degradation into immunosuppressive adenosine. The biological effects of adenosine are mediated via adenosine receptors, a family of G protein-coupled receptors largely expressed on immune cells where they modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with substantial morbidity and often refractory to currently available medications. IBD is linked to altered interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system in genetically predisposed individuals. A wealth of studies conducted in patients and animal models highlighted the role of various adenosine receptors in the modulation of chronic inflammatory diseases like IBD. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings on adenosine-mediated immune responses in different cell types, with a focus on IBD and its most common manifestations, Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1429736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T04:39:40Z","timestamp":1723437580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adenosine-mediated immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Vuerich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du Hanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Serena","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300012","article-title":"Neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 attenuates inflammatory cell trafficking during acute experimental colitis","volume":"61","author":"Aherne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.22","article-title":"Epithelial-specific A2B adenosine receptor signaling protects the colonic epithelial barrier during acute colitis","volume":"8","author":"Aherne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.11.009","article-title":"Adenosine A2a receptor stimulation blocks development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by multilevel inhibition of signals that cause immunolipotoxicity","volume":"182","author":"Alchera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. 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