{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:28:48Z","timestamp":1791829728234,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The brain has traditionally been considered an \u201cimmune-privileged\u201d organ lacking a lymphatic system. However, recent studies have challenged this view by identifying the presence of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs). These discoveries offer new opportunities for waste clearance and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Various strategies have been developed based on these pathways, including modulation of glymphatic system function, enhancement of meningeal lymphatic drainage, and utilization of these routes for drug delivery. Consequently, this review explores the developmental features and physiological roles of the cerebral lymphatic system as well as its significance in various CNS disorders. Notably, strategies for ameliorating CNS diseases have been discussed with a focus on enhancing glymphatic system and MLVs functionality through modulation of physiological factors along with implementing pharmacological and physical treatments. Additionally, emphasis is placed on the potential use of the CNS lymphatic system in drug delivery while envisioning future directions in terms of mechanisms, applications, and translational research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1467085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:01:57Z","timestamp":1725613317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Therapeutic approaches to CNS diseases via the meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic system: prospects and challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120715","article-title":"Substrate stiffness induces neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through focal adhesion kinase activation","volume":"271","author":"Abaricia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29738","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29738","article-title":"Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI","volume":"6","author":"Absinta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"572","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27887-0","article-title":"Non-invasive MR imaging of human brain lymphatic networks with connections to cervical lymph nodes","volume":"13","author":"Albayram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00445-9","article-title":"Sustained meningeal lymphatic vessel atrophy or expansion does not alter Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid pathology","volume":"3","author":"Antila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170391","article-title":"Development and plasticity of meningeal lymphatic vessels","volume":"214","author":"Antila","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e176858","DOI":"10.1172\/jci176858","article-title":"Yoda1 opens the lymphatic path for craniosynostosis therapy","volume":"134","author":"Aspelund","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08062","article-title":"Down's syndrome suppression of tumour growth and the role of the calcineurin inhibitor DSCR1","volume":"459","author":"Baek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.03.022","article-title":"Systemic hypertonic saline enhances glymphatic spinal cord delivery of lumbar intrathecal morphine","volume":"344","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20221983","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221983","article-title":"VEGF-C prophylaxis favors lymphatic drainage and modulates neuroinflammation in a stroke model","volume":"221","author":"Boisserand","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18113-4","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction exacerbates traumatic brain injury pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Bolte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35826-4","article-title":"Topographic representation of current and future threats in the mouse nociceptive amygdala","volume":"14","author":"Bowen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16851-z","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatics clear erythrocytes that arise from subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101133","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates neurodegeneration in rat and cellular models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04918-6","article-title":"Vitamin D accelerates the subdural hematoma clearance through improving the meningeal lymphatic vessel function","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5767","article-title":"DSCR1 upregulation enhances dural meningeal lymphatic drainage to attenuate amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"255","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01604-8","article-title":"Piezo1 regulates meningeal lymphatic vessel drainage and alleviates excessive CSF accumulation","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220891","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220891","article-title":"Charting the meningeal lymphatic network","volume":"219","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","article-title":"Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"560","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154225","DOI":"10.1172\/jci154225","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps regulate ischemic stroke brain injury","volume":"132","author":"Denorme","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01198-1","article-title":"Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179988","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1179988","article-title":"The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740491","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.740491","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 polymorphisms are associated with cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax5440","article-title":"Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep","volume":"366","author":"Fultz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2","article-title":"Circadian control of brain glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow","volume":"11","author":"Hablitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-022-01074-9","article-title":"The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in early microthrombosis and brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice","volume":"14","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa179","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"143","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00144","article-title":"Voluntary exercise promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid beta and reduces the activation of astrocytes and microglia in aged mice","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04860-5","article-title":"PIEZO1 transduces mechanical itch in mice","volume":"607","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01158-6","article-title":"Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08163-0","article-title":"Neuroinflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate contributes to drainage of CNS-derived antigens and immune cells","volume":"10","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0287-8","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06737-7","article-title":"Potentiating glymphatic drainage minimizes post-traumatic cerebral oedema","volume":"623","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16180","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3020-14.2014","article-title":"Impairment of glymphatic pathway function promotes tau pathology after traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Iliff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1592-13.2013","article-title":"Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain","volume":"33","author":"Iliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220035","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220035","article-title":"Conserved meningeal lymphatic drainage circuits in mice and humans","volume":"219","author":"Jacob","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4062","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084062","article-title":"Thrombospondin-1 CD47 signalling: from mechanisms to medicine","volume":"22","author":"Kale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16191-y","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils impair revascularization and vascular remodeling after stroke","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00446-z","article-title":"Non-invasive flow mapping of parasagittal meningeal lymphatics using 2D interslice flow saturation MRI","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24271","article-title":"Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain","volume":"76","author":"Kress","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11034","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1625-15.2015","article-title":"The effect of body posture on brain glymphatic transport","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41710-y","article-title":"Photostimulation of brain lymphatics in male newborn and adult rodents for therapy of intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x221098145","article-title":"The meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system: potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.04.009","article-title":"Effects of atorvastatin on the inflammation regulation and elimination of subdural hematoma in rats","volume":"341","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.66026","article-title":"Modulation of lymphatic transport in the central nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13836","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02652","article-title":"Near-infrared-II imaging revealed hypothermia regulates neuroinflammation following brain injury by increasing the glymphatic influx","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-011-0058-5","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of natural borneol after oral administration in mice brain and its effect on excitation ratio","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01063-z","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic vessels mediate neurotropic viral drainage from the central nervous system","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.01.054","article-title":"Glymphatic-assisted perivascular brain delivery of intrathecal small gold nanoparticles","volume":"355","author":"Lilius","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01198-3","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the brain's drainage efficiency in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0030","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0030","article-title":"Delivery of biomimetic liposomes via meningeal lymphatic vessels route for targeted therapy of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. (Wash D C)"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad274","article-title":"Glymphatic dysfunction in patients with early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"147","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-0888-y","article-title":"Subdural haematomas drain into the extracranial lymphatic system through the meningeal lymphatic vessels","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00500-9","article-title":"The glymphatic system: implications for drugs for central nervous system diseases","volume":"21","author":"Lohela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.08.006","article-title":"Revisiting the mechanisms of CNS immune privilege","volume":"36","author":"Louveau","year":"","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.09.012","article-title":"Skull progenitor cell-driven meningeal lymphatic restoration improves neurocognitive functions in craniosynostosis","volume":"30","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-150660","article-title":"A comparative study evaluating the impact of physical exercise on disease progression in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"53","author":"Maliszewska-Cyna","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171468","DOI":"10.1172\/jci171468","article-title":"Piezo1 agonist restores meningeal lymphatic vessels, drainage, and brain- CSF perfusion in craniosynostosis and aged mice","volume":"134","author":"Matrongolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40070","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40070","article-title":"Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain","volume":"7","author":"Mestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1172\/jci35738","article-title":"The Down syndrome critical region gene 1 short variant promoters direct vascular bed-specific gene expression during inflammation in mice","volume":"119","author":"Minami","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-021-00296-7","article-title":"Upright versus supine MRI: effects of body position on craniocervical CSF flow","volume":"18","author":"Muccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07132-6","article-title":"Multisensory gamma stimulation promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid","volume":"627","author":"Murdock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8739","article-title":"Glymphatic failure as a final common pathway to dementia","volume":"370","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175616","DOI":"10.1172\/jci175616","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic CGRP signaling governs pain via cerebrospinal fluid efflux and neuroinflammation in migraine models","volume":"134","author":"Nelson-Maney","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.039","article-title":"The lymphatic vasculature in the 21(st) century: novel functional roles in homeostasis and disease","volume":"182","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26186","article-title":"DNase treatment prevents cerebrospinal fluid block in early experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"90","author":"Pavan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106035","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 in glymphatic system, and its implication for central nervous system disorders","volume":"179","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.09.007","article-title":"Could dexmedetomidine be repurposed as a glymphatic enhancer?","volume":"43","author":"Persson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax4063","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax4063","article-title":"Biological functions of lymphatic vessels","volume":"369","author":"Petrova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120922","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120922","article-title":"Transcranial optical imaging reveals a pathway for optimizing the delivery of immunotherapeutics to the brain","volume":"3","author":"Plog","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-051217-111018","article-title":"The glymphatic system in central nervous system health and disease: past, present, and future","volume":"13","author":"Plog","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2019.28.1.104","article-title":"Persistent malfunction of glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic drainage in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"28","author":"Pu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2018.0926","article-title":"Role of regulatory T cells in atorvastatin induced absorption of chronic subdural hematoma in rats","volume":"10","author":"Quan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30318-1","article-title":"The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2020","article-title":"Fluid transport in the brain","volume":"102","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91383-6","article-title":"Evidence for a 'paravascular' fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space","volume":"326","author":"Rennels","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00059.2021","article-title":"CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond","volume":"103","author":"Russo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20221929","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221929","article-title":"Age-related alterations in meningeal immunity drive impaired CNS lymphatic drainage","volume":"220","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23062975","article-title":"Photobiomodulation therapy and the glymphatic system: promising applications for augmenting the brain lymphatic drainage system","volume":"23","author":"Salehpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-113023-103045","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatics in central nervous system diseases","volume":"47","author":"Salvador","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0417-3","article-title":"A (delayed) history of the brain lymphatic system","volume":"25","author":"Sandrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0387-1","article-title":"Neuronal regulation of immunity: why, how and where?","volume":"21","author":"Schiller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9142","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802750RR","article-title":"Vitamin D improves endothelial barrier integrity and counteracts inflammatory effects on endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"33","author":"Schroder-Heurich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.383390","article-title":"Photobiomodulation of lymphatic drainage and clearance: perspective strategy for augmentation of meningeal lymphatic functions","volume":"11","author":"Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4483","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721694115","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid accumulation in the human brain after one night of sleep deprivation","volume":"115","author":"Shokri-Kojori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.03.004","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition prevents aquaporin-4 depolarization-mediated glymphatic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"56","author":"Si","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06993-7","article-title":"Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain","volume":"627","author":"Smyth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1912-x","article-title":"VEGF-C-driven lymphatic drainage enables immunosurveillance of brain tumours","volume":"577","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02481-w","article-title":"NIR-II nanoprobes for investigating the glymphatic system function under anesthesia and stroke injury","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.08.007","article-title":"Lymphatic drainage system of the brain: a novel target for intervention of neurological diseases","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y","article-title":"Strategies for delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"20","author":"Terstappen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.08.010","article-title":"Drowning stars: reassessing the role of astrocytes in brain edema","volume":"37","author":"Thrane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2400125","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400125","article-title":"BV2 membrane-coated PEGylated-liposomes delivered hFGF21 to cortical and hippocampal microglia for alzheimer's disease therapy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12656","article-title":"Deep cervical lymph node ligation aggravates AD-like pathology of APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45656-7","article-title":"Non-invasive modulation of meningeal lymphatics ameliorates ageing and Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology and cognition in mice","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008913","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote tPA-induced brain hemorrhage via cGAS in mice with stroke","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2301428","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202301428","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal pathogenesis of meningeal lymphatic dysfunction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/83.3.454","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid valves","volume":"83","author":"Welch","year":"1960","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.37.6.0724","article-title":"Structure of the human arachnoid granulation","volume":"37","author":"Wolpow","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409650200","article-title":"Photobiomodulation directly benefits primary neurons functionally inactivated by toxins: role of cytochrome c oxidase","volume":"280","author":"Wong-Riley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26842","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic functions in patients with chronic migraine","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.76133","article-title":"Borneol-driven meningeal lymphatic drainage clears amyloid-\u03b2 peptide to attenuate Alzheimer-like phenotype in mice","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x18822921","article-title":"Impaired meningeal lymphatic vessel development worsens stroke outcome","volume":"40","author":"Yanev","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106586","article-title":"Dystrophin 71 deficiency causes impaired aquaporin-4 polarization contributing to glymphatic dysfunction and brain edema in cerebral ischemia","volume":"199","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06899-4","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage","volume":"625","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.87633","article-title":"Inactivation of ERK1\/2 signaling mediates dysfunction of basal meningeal lymphatic vessels in experimental subdural hematoma","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.91653","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated impairment of meningeal lymphatic drainage exacerbates secondary hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.64963","article-title":"Piezo1-mediated mechanosensation in bone marrow macrophages promotes vascular niche regeneration after irradiation injury","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.01133","article-title":"Additive neuroprotective effect of borneol with mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic stroke in mice","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4162","article-title":"Implant-derived magnesium induces local neuronal production of CGRP to improve bone-fracture healing in rats","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5415","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01806","article-title":"Therapeutic delivery to the brain via the lymphatic vasculature","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00639-5","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatics regulate radiotherapy efficacy through modulating anti-tumor immunity","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.10.004003","article-title":"Pilot study of transcranial photobiomodulation of lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid from the mouse brain: breakthrough strategies for non-pharmacologic therapy of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Zinchenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0147-y","article-title":"Blocking meningeal lymphatic drainage aggravates Parkinson's disease-like pathology in mice overexpressing mutated \u03b1-synuclein","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1467085\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:02:02Z","timestamp":1725613322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1467085\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2024.1467085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1467085","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"article-number":"1467085"}}