{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:48:33Z","timestamp":1753890513878,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with sub-acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis experience (SA.CVST) severe symptoms compared to two other venous sinus-related diseases, including chronic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (C.CVST) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether the different immune reactions in different venous sinuses are related.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stagnant blood in the cerebral venous sinuses was extracted by passing a microcatheter and <jats:italic>CD14<\/jats:italic>-positive cells were sorted by magnetic beads and subjected to RNA-seq sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to patients with IIH, 128 genes were significantly down-regulated and 373 genes were significantly up-regulated in the sub-acute CVST samples. The functions of these genes were mainly focused on \u201cimmune response\u201d, \u201cT cell activation\u201d and \u201cplasma membrane\u201d. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed T cell survival and activation-related function significantly unregulated in sub-acute CVST. On the other hand, there were 366 genes down-regulated in chronic CVST and 75 genes up-regulated in chronic CVST. In functional annotation, these differently expressed genes were enriched in the \u201cextracellular region\u201d, \u201cchemokine-mediated signaling pathway\u201d and \u201cimmune response\u201d. GSEA analysis confirmed that chemokine-related functions were all up-regulated in sub-acute CVST and monocyte-macrophage adhesion functions were also significantly up-regulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggested the <jats:italic>CD14<\/jats:italic>-positive created an activated immune response in sub-acute CVST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1488005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:53:51Z","timestamp":1731498831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced T-cell activation and chemokine-associated function in CD14-positive cells from venous sinus blood in sub-acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yu-Zhou","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Qi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao-Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi-Guang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke-Hui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chu-Han","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-Peng","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1311","article-title":"Liquid biopsy: from discovery to clinical application","volume":"11","author":"Alix-Panabi\u00e8res","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.120236","article-title":"Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis","volume":"4","author":"Alvis-Miranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Rural. Pract."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638","article-title":"HTSeq--a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data","volume":"31","author":"Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14368","article-title":"Monocyte-related cytokines\/chemokines in cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"29","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78085","article-title":"Pouring fuel on the fire: Th17 cells, the environment, and autoimmunity","volume":"125","author":"Burkett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14210","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"16","author":"Capecchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580464","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.580464","article-title":"Transcriptional characteristics of IDH-wild type glioma subgroups highlight the biological processes underlying heterogeneity of IDH-wild type WHO grade IV gliomas","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-023-00558-4","article-title":"High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomic features aid in selecting endovascular candidates among patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","article-title":"Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"560","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.105","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a prospective series of 59 patients. For the Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Study Group","volume":"70","author":"de Bruijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2020-000358","article-title":"Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"5","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776879","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.776879","article-title":"The macrophage reprogramming ability of antifolates reveals soluble CD14 as a potential biomarker for methotrexate response in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Fuentelsaz-Romero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073485","article-title":"The role of CCL2\/CCR2 Axis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and treatment: from animal experiments to clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Geng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","article-title":"GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4nzelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24811","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24811","article-title":"Evaluation of serum B7-H3 expression, ultrasound and clinical characteristics to predict the risk of cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma by nomogram","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2016-012938","article-title":"Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Ilyas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurointerv Surg."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.05.002","article-title":"Concordance between the assessment of A\u03b242, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in peripheral blood neuronal-derived exosomes and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601495","article-title":"Inactivation of Rab11a GTPase in macrophages facilitates phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils","volume":"198","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00845-z","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote thrombogenicity in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Biosci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D480","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm882","article-title":"KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment","volume":"36","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","article-title":"HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04615-6_10","article-title":"Aquaporin4 knockout aggravates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage through impairment of the glymphatic system in rat brain","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. Suppl."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06545-5","article-title":"Gasdermin E promotes translocation of p65 and c-jun into nucleus in keratinocytes for progression of psoriatic skin inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0227-9","article-title":"CNS lymphatic drainage and neuroinflammation are regulated by meningeal lymphatic vasculature","volume":"21","author":"Louveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S414452","article-title":"Identification and analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap-related genes in osteoarthritis by bioinformatics and experimental verification","volume":"16","author":"Luan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01351-y","article-title":"Liquid biopsy: current technology and clinical applications","volume":"15","author":"Nikanjam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900838","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatics: from anatomy to central nervous system immune surveillance","volume":"204","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-023-01373-0","article-title":"Mechanical thrombectomy for aseptic, atraumatic, medically refractory cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Quealy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R22","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-3-r22","article-title":"Improving RNA-Seq expression estimates by correcting for fragment bias","volume":"12","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642891","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642891","article-title":"Elevated fibronectin levels in profibrotic CD14(+) monocytes and CD14(+) macrophages in systemic sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Rudnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e31820a8364","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"42","author":"Saposnik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00834-4","article-title":"The role of platelets in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798022","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.798022","article-title":"Pan-cancer analysis reveals a distinct neutrophil extracellular trap-associated regulatory pattern","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E67","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa334","article-title":"A liquid biopsy to assess brain tumor recurrence: presence of circulating Mo-mdsc and CD14+ VNN2+ myeloid cells as biomarkers that distinguish brain metastasis from radiation necrosis following stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"88","author":"Soler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-749879","article-title":"Distinct contributions of complement factors to platelet activation and fibrin formation in venous thrombus development","volume":"129","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.032","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion in adult mice disrupts blood-brain barrier and facilitates brain infiltration of monocytes after bone-marrow transplantation","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01848-9","article-title":"Protective role of endothelial SIRT1 in deep vein thrombosis and hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction mediated by NF-\u03baB deacetylation","volume":"46","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D330","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1055","article-title":"The gene ontology resource: 20 years and still GOing strong","volume":"47","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5665","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604263113","article-title":"Infiltrating monocytes promote brain inflammation and exacerbate neuronal damage after status epilepticus","volume":"113","author":"Varvel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16259","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216259","article-title":"Potential implications of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01386-0","article-title":"Detection and characterization of autoreactive memory stem T-cells in children with acute immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"24","author":"Zahran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221086408","article-title":"Prediction of the trans-stenotic pressure gradient with arteriography-derived hemodynamic features in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09199-z","article-title":"Estimation of venous sinus pressure drop in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using 4D-flow MRI","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1488005\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:53:53Z","timestamp":1731498833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1488005\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2024.1488005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1488005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-634X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"article-number":"1488005"}}