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The analysis highlights specific bacterial genera linked to thyroid dysfunction, the role of gut microbiota in iodine absorption, and mechanisms connecting dysbiosis with thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis, and Graves\u2019 disease. Additionally, it examines the potential of gut microbiota as a biomarker for diagnosis and personalized treatment, as well as the prospect of probiotics and microbiota-targeted treatments. 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