{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:09:56Z","timestamp":1788469796774,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Skeletal muscle is an important organ in the human body for maintaining overall strength and mobility. Skeletal muscle has the capability of self-regeneration, which can be achieved by utilizing specific energy pathways. Therefore, understanding the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle is essential to exploring its regenerative mechanisms. This review addresses the current progress in understanding the essential role of metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle function, regeneration, and muscle dysfunction as it relates to diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and aging (sarcopenia). Furthermore, we explore the fundamental metabolisms of skeletal muscle while considering not only disease progression but also therapeutic strategies. Experimental models (\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and other signaling pathways are additionally discussed while proposing that the association between energy metabolism markers and metabolic diseases in skeletal muscle could provide innovative implications. Finally, the need for developing human-relevant models to study muscle regeneration is emphasized as most current findings are derived from\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1651553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:33:59Z","timestamp":1755149639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metabolic and molecular regulation in skeletal muscle dysfunction and regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jong Beom","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tori","family":"Soukup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ember","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Abit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane M.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edralin","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173371","article-title":"Celastrol attenuates inflammatory responses in adipose tissues and improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions in high fat diet-induced Obese rats via upregulation of AMPK\/SIRT1 signaling pathways","volume":"883","author":"Abu Bakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0029-y","article-title":"Does vitamin-D intake during resistance training improve the skeletal muscle hypertrophic and strength response in young and elderly men? \u2013 a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Agergaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-023-00308-z","article-title":"Extracellular matrix: the critical contributor to skeletal muscle regeneration\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"43","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/muscles2020011","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in mediation of skeletal muscle repair","volume":"2","author":"Alway","year":"2023","journal-title":"Muscles"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10551","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900453R","article-title":"Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) improves glucose tolerance via AMP-activated protein kinase activation","volume":"33","author":"Aoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.21705\/mcbs.v2i2.32","article-title":"Myokine regulation as marker of Sarcopenia in elderly","volume":"2","author":"Aryana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042018820980225","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018820980225","article-title":"Should metformin remain the first-line therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes?","volume":"12","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.010","article-title":"The mitochondrial protein OPA1 regulates the quiescent state of adult muscle stem cells","volume":"29","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094636","article-title":"Mechanisms by which skeletal muscle myokines ameliorate insulin resistance","volume":"23","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.04.012","article-title":"Fasting induces a highly resilient deep quiescent state in muscle stem cells via ketone body signaling","volume":"34","author":"Benjamin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.01.018","article-title":"High expression of CPT1b in skeletal muscle in metabolically healthy older subjects","volume":"45","author":"B\u00e9try","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2020.111404","article-title":"Moderators of skeletal muscle maintenance are compromised in sarcopenic obese mice","volume":"194","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1078","article-title":"Overexpression of carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1 in skeletal muscle is sufficient to enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve high-fat diet\u2013induced insulin resistance","volume":"58","author":"Bruce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117304","article-title":"Decreased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 attenuates macrophages-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle","volume":"244","author":"Bu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782000","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.782000","article-title":"Role of Myostatin in muscle degeneration by random positioning machine exposure: an in vitro Study for the treatment of Sarcopenia","volume":"13","author":"Cariati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050716","article-title":"The role of mitophagy in skeletal muscle damage and regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Chatzinikita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.04.006","article-title":"Inflammation and skeletal muscle regeneration: leave it to the macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Chazaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20211314","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211314","article-title":"CD36, a signaling receptor and fatty acid transporter that regulates immune cell metabolism and fate","volume":"219","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/life11010069","article-title":"Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates: regulators of immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-810422-4.00017-8","article-title":"Chapter 18 - glutamine and skeletal muscle","volume-title":"Nutrition and skeletal muscle","author":"Cruzat","year":"2019"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.09.007","article-title":"Biomarkers in sarcopenia: a multifactorial approach","volume":"85","author":"Curcio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102761","article-title":"Elevated phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) expression modulates oxylipin formation and inhibits age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness","volume":"64","author":"Czy\u017cowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.08.138","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase stimulates myostatin expression in C2C12 cells","volume":"427","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2017-0171","article-title":"Effects of metformin on insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in tumor-bearing rats with advanced cachexia","volume":"96","author":"de Fatima Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302","article-title":"Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12700","article-title":"Transferrin receptor 1 ablation in satellite cells impedes skeletal muscle regeneration through activation of ferroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a029785","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029785","article-title":"Effects of exercise and aging on skeletal muscle","volume":"8","author":"Distefano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2067-1","article-title":"The role of leucine and its metabolites in protein and energy metabolism","volume":"48","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111097","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating PGC-1\u03b1\/AMPK\/GLUT4 pathways in satellite cells\/myoblasts","volume":"117","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051297","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating muscle regeneration: insights into the interrelated and time-dependent phases of tissue healing","volume":"9","author":"Forcina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00533-9","article-title":"The endothelial Dll4\u2013muscular Notch2 axis regulates skeletal muscle mass","volume":"4","author":"Fujimaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.02.006","article-title":"Role of myokines in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and related metabolic defects in type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Garneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.021","article-title":"Enhancement of mitochondrial energy metabolism by melatonin promotes vascularized skeletal muscle regeneration in a volumetric muscle loss model","volume":"210","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00849","article-title":"Influence of obesity on the Organization of the Extracellular Matrix and satellite cell functions after combined muscle and thorax trauma in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"11","author":"Gihring","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38027","article-title":"Tragedy in a heartbeat: malfunctioning desmin causes skeletal and cardiac muscle disease","volume":"119","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/gastroent13010003","article-title":"The efficacy of tofogliflozin on Metabolic dysfunction-associated Fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Goya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Insights"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540205000501","article-title":"The role of stem cells in skeletal and cardiac muscle repair","volume":"50","author":"Grounds","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147198","article-title":"Comparative Study of injury models for studying muscle regeneration in mice","volume":"11","author":"Hardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0251-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise","volume":"2","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2020.1723795","article-title":"A single muscle contusion promotes an immediate alteration in mitochondrial bioenergetics response in skeletal muscle fibres with different metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Hartmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5677","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27852","article-title":"Beneficial effects of metformin on muscle atrophy induced by obesity in rats","volume":"120","author":"Hasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13361","article-title":"Differential effects of Western diet and traumatic muscle injury on skeletal muscle metabolic regulation in male and female mice","volume":"14","author":"Heo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101449","article-title":"Intervention with metabolites emulating endogenous cell transitions accelerates muscle regeneration in young and aged mice","volume":"5","author":"Hernandez-Benitez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202201783","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202201783","article-title":"The mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 promotes satellite cell function in muscle regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Hirano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1261","article-title":"Interleukin-10 prevents diet-induced insulin resistance by attenuating macrophage and cytokine response in skeletal muscle","volume":"58","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics maintain muscle stem cell regenerative competence throughout adult life by regulating metabolism and mitophagy","volume":"29","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114310","article-title":"Maintenance of skeletal muscle Mitochondria in health, exercise, and aging","volume":"81","author":"Hood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238625","article-title":"Zebrafish models for skeletal muscle senescence: lessons from cell cultures and rodent models","volume":"27","author":"Ichii","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.11.116","article-title":"DNA maintenance methylation enzyme Dnmt1 in satellite cells is essential for muscle regeneration","volume":"534","author":"Iio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130696","article-title":"Skeletal muscle regeneration with 3D bioprinted hyaluronate\/gelatin hydrogels incorporating MXene nanoparticles","volume":"265","author":"Jo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20190041","article-title":"Metabolism","volume":"64","author":"Judge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.04.013","article-title":"Engineering skeletal muscle repair","volume":"24","author":"Juhas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12833","article-title":"Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00955-z","article-title":"Depletion of SAM leading to loss of heterochromatin drives muscle stem cell ageing","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.11086","article-title":"Nutrition determinants of acute skeletal muscle loss in critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Kangalgil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01183.x","article-title":"Engineering skeletal muscle tissue \u2013 new perspectives in vitro and in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Klumpp","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-017-0124-z","article-title":"The golden retriever model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Kornegay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12794","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle contributes to the development of acute insulin resistance in mice","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.08.001","article-title":"Defects in muscle branched-chain amino acid oxidation contribute to impaired lipid metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Lerin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040755","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle myogenesis and muscle disease","volume":"11","author":"Lian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1932-5","article-title":"Metformin to Augment Strength Training Effective Response in Seniors (MASTERS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.10.011","article-title":"Molecular regulation of Fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise","volume":"29","author":"Lundsgaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166508","article-title":"The ameliorating effects of metformin on disarrangement ongoing in gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic and obese sarcopenic mice","volume":"1868","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04885","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04885","article-title":"Bioengineered human myobundles mimic clinical responses of skeletal muscle to drugs","volume":"4","author":"Madden","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.091","article-title":"Three-Dimensional human iPSC-Derived artificial skeletal muscles model muscular dystrophies and enable multilineage tissue engineering","volume":"23","author":"Maffioletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13668-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.12.002","article-title":"TCA cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential are necessary for diverse biological functions","volume":"61","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Reyes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1177","article-title":"Direct effects of FGF21 on glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle: implications for type 2 diabetes and obesity","volume":"27","author":"Mashili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c190029","article-title":"Role of skeletal muscle in insulin resistance and glucose uptake","volume-title":"Comprehensive physiology","author":"Merz","year":"2020"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-012-0807-8","article-title":"Muscle atrophy in aging and chronic diseases: is it sarcopenia or cachexia?","volume":"8","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1992.263.5.E928","article-title":"Leucine as a regulator of whole body and skeletal muscle protein metabolism in humans","volume":"263","author":"Nair","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1588","article-title":"Tofogliflozin improves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and accelerates lipolysis in adipose tissue in Male mice","volume":"157","author":"Obata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102309","article-title":"Mechano-signaling via Piezo1 prevents activation and p53-mediated senescence of muscle stem cells","volume":"52","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161220","article-title":"Structure-Function of CD36 and importance of Fatty acid signal transduction in fat metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Pepino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21862","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100883R","article-title":"Metformin and leucine increase satellite cells and collagen remodeling during disuse and recovery in aged muscle","volume":"35","author":"Petrocelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2008.01.020","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and skeletal muscle metabolic function","volume":"94","author":"Phielix","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E453","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00553.2012","article-title":"Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and immune cells: muscle-derived mediators and metabolic implications","volume":"304","author":"Pillon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.463","article-title":"Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle","volume":"19","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13255","article-title":"mTORC1 controls the adaptive transition of quiescent stem cells from G0 to G(Alert)","volume":"510","author":"Rodgers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000456","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000456","article-title":"Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years of age","volume":"6","author":"Rowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.12.004","article-title":"The NAD+-Dependent SIRT1 deacetylase translates a metabolic switch into regulatory epigenetics in skeletal muscle stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Ryall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800535-JLR200","article-title":"Novel role of FATP1 in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle cells","volume":"50","author":"Sebasti\u00e1n","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1254","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4379","article-title":"Regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle during lipid overfeeding in healthy men","volume":"99","author":"Seyssel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2857-9","article-title":"Macrophage-derived glutamine boosts satellite cells and muscle regeneration","volume":"587","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2024.07.015","article-title":"GLUD1 determines murine muscle stem cell fate by controlling mitochondrial glutamate levels","volume":"59","author":"Soro-Arn\u00e1iz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.07.022","article-title":"CHD4 ensures stem cell lineage fidelity during skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.195","article-title":"Deletion of phosphatidylserine flippase \u03b2-subunit Tmem30a in satellite cells leads to delayed skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zool. Res."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9626-4","article-title":"The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age","volume":"17","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74720-6_116","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume-title":"Geriatric medicine: a person centered evidence based approach","author":"Tosato","year":"2024"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0111-2","article-title":"Phospholipid methylation regulates muscle metabolic rate through Ca2+ transport efficiency","volume":"1","author":"Verkerke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13395","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13395","article-title":"Loss of CD36 protects against diet-induced obesity but results in impaired muscle stem cell function, delayed muscle regeneration and hepatic steatosis","volume":"228","author":"Verpoorten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3315-1_13","article-title":"Skeletal muscle satellite cell physiology and function: complimentary in vitro and in vivo models and methods","volume-title":"Neuromuscular assessments of form and function","author":"Viggars","year":"2023"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.12.10.419168","article-title":"Zebrafish skeletal muscle cell cultures: monolayer to three-dimensional tissue engineered collagen constructs","author":"Vishnolia","year":"2020"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1315","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00561.2011","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle: generation of adaptive and maladaptive intracellular signals for cellular function","volume":"302","author":"Watt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R673","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00561.2007","article-title":"Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species","volume":"294","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00019","article-title":"Comparison of Fatty acid and gene profiles in skeletal muscle in normal and obese C57BL\/6J mice before and after blunt muscle injury","volume":"9","author":"Werner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1592-7","article-title":"Mutant desmin substantially perturbs mitochondrial morphology, function and maintenance in skeletal muscle tissue","volume":"132","author":"Winter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2021-0685","article-title":"Importance of skeletal muscle lipid levels for muscle function and physical function in older individuals","volume":"47","author":"Yoshiko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108594","article-title":"ARHGEF3 regulates skeletal muscle regeneration and strength through autophagy","volume":"34","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110267","article-title":"Lipid droplet dynamics regulate adult muscle stem cell fate","volume":"38","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200312007","article-title":"Muscle satellite cells adopt divergent fates: a mechanism for self-renewal?","volume":"166","author":"Zammit","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.004","article-title":"Endothelial lactate controls muscle regeneration from ischemia by inducing M2-like macrophage polarization","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00934-y","article-title":"Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1651553\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:34:00Z","timestamp":1755149640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1651553\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2025.1651553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1651553","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"article-number":"1651553"}}