{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:43:00Z","timestamp":1791999780859,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a multifaceted cascade of cellular and molecular events that profoundly influence the extent of secondary damage. Central to this process, microglia\u2014the innate immune cells of the central nervous system\u2014display a range of programmed cell death pathways that have significant implications for injury outcomes. This article mainly focuses on three key programmed cell death modalities that have emerged in SCI: ferroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, autophagy, which can serve dual roles in cell survival and death, and pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, contribute uniquely to the progression and resolution of post-injury neuroinflammation. We examine the underlying molecular mechanisms, the regulatory networks that integrate these pathways, and how their dysregulation may exacerbate tissue damage. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies to modulate these specific cell death processes are discussed, offering promising avenues for reducing secondary damage and enhancing recovery in patients with SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1656732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:36Z","timestamp":1760617056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Microglia and programmed cell death in spinal cord injury: beyond apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baowen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105069","article-title":"Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals","volume":"160","author":"Abbaszadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.08.004","article-title":"Role of pyroptosis in spinal cord injury and its therapeutic implications","volume":"28","author":"Al Mamun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06159-11","article-title":"Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1\/2 in the regulation of autophagy: cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks","volume":"32","author":"Alers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"E1137","article-title":"Exercise facilitates the M1-to-M2 polarization of microglia by enhancing autophagy via the BDNF\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in neuropathic pain","volume":"25","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010016","article-title":"IL-18 blockage reduces neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Begum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-019-00881-z","article-title":"MiR-15a attenuates peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by targeting AKT3 to regulate autophagy","volume":"42","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes Genomics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2119-2","article-title":"Upregulated TLR3 promotes neuropathic pain by regulating autophagy in rat with L5 spinal nerve ligation model","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6466","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03477-7","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation prevents endothelial necroptosis to alleviate blood-spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55095-5","article-title":"High-voltage pulsed radiofrequency improves ultrastructure of DRG and enhances spinal microglial autophagy to ameliorate neuropathic pain induced by SNI","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114057","article-title":"Urolithin A alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by promoting microglial mitophagy following spinal cord injury","volume":"148","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92264","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092264","article-title":"Adenoviral-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene transfer has a protective effect on sciatic nerve following constriction-induced spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Chou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.11.045","article-title":"Zinc ions facilitate metabolic bioenergetic recovery post spinal cord injury by activating microglial mitophagy through the STAT3-FOXO3a-SOD2 pathway","volume":"227","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.029","article-title":"Celastrol inhibits microglial pyroptosis and attenuates inflammatory reaction in acute spinal cord injury rats","volume":"66","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2022-0009","article-title":"Estrogen-related receptor \u03b1 (ERR\u03b1) functions in the hypoxic injury of microglial cells","volume":"66","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111092","article-title":"Zinc regulates a specific subpopulation of VEGFA + microglia to improve the hypoxic microenvironment for functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"125","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004417","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: the global incidence, prevalence, and disability from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"47","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.05.001","article-title":"Microglial inhibitory factor (MIF\/TKP) mitigates secondary damage following spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Emmetsberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.049","article-title":"Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the necroptosis of microglia\/macrophages after spinal cord injury","volume":"311","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1613-2","article-title":"Quercetin prevents necroptosis of oligodendrocytes by inhibiting macrophages\/microglia polarization to M1 phenotype after spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135262","article-title":"Resveratrol-primed exosomes strongly promote the recovery of motor function in SCI rats by activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis via the PI3K signaling pathway","volume":"736","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.04.019","article-title":"Role of autophagy in the bimodal stage after spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"328","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101984","article-title":"Iron overload in the motor cortex induces neuronal ferroptosis following spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2021.7198","article-title":"The potential therapeutic effects of agmatine, methylprednisolone, and rapamycin on experimental spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Firat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eads2295","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads2295","article-title":"Macrophage-targeted Mms6 mRNA-lipid nanoparticles promote locomotor functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1401-z","article-title":"The phagocytic state of brain myeloid cells after ischemia revealed by superresolution structured illumination microscopy","volume":"16","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109695","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles carrying miR-99b-3p restrain microglial activation and neuropathic pain by stimulating autophagy","volume":"115","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00765-9","article-title":"PANoptosis: bridging apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in cancer progression and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111331","article-title":"miR-99b-3p\/Mmp13 axis regulates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent microglial pyroptosis and alleviates neuropathic pain via the promotion of autophagy","volume":"126","author":"Gao","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02571-y","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 alleviates white matter injury via decreasing ferroptosis following spinal cord injury","volume":"59","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.04.006","article-title":"Rapamycin increases neuronal survival, reduces inflammation and astrocyte proliferation after spinal cord injury","volume":"68","author":"Goldshmit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205638","article-title":"BMSCs-derived exosomes inhibit macrophage\/microglia pyroptosis by increasing autophagy through the miR-21a-5p\/PELI1 axis in spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06223-4","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of aldose reductase knockout in a mouse model of spinal cord injury involves NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"240","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.110239","article-title":"CCR1 antagonist as a potential modulator of inflammatory, autophagic, and apoptotic markers in spinal cord injury","volume":"264","author":"Hasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.06.037","article-title":"Autophagy in superficial spinal dorsal horn accelerates the cathepsin B-dependent morphine antinociceptive tolerance","volume":"275","author":"Hayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01086-9","article-title":"HSPA1A inhibits pyroptosis and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury via DUSP1 inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.12.002","article-title":"Role of necroptosis in traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109616","article-title":"Taxifolin attenuates neuroinflammation and microglial pyroptosis via the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway after spinal cord injury","volume":"114","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-044820","article-title":"Mechanisms of autophagy initiation","volume":"86","author":"Hurley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993168","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.993168","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor-2 attenuates neuroinflammation by promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of the NLRP3 inflammasome post spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04648-9","article-title":"Lycium barbarum glycopeptide alleviates neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury via modulating docosahexaenoic acid to inhibiting MAPKs\/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2024.110412","article-title":"Single-cell analysis combined with transcriptome sequencing identifies autophagy hub genes in macrophages after spinal cord injury","volume":"270","author":"Ju","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70926-1","article-title":"UAMC-3203 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Kan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0001-6","article-title":"The coming of age of chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Kaushik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2023.2194532","article-title":"Advances in molecular therapies for targeting pathophysiology in spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S506569","article-title":"Electroacupuncture inhibits NLRP3-mediated microglial pyroptosis to ameliorate chronic neuropathic pain in rats","volume":"18","author":"Kui","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.06.023","article-title":"Old age alters inflammation and autophagy signaling in the brain, leading to exacerbated neurological outcomes after spinal cord injury in male mice","volume":"120","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6090316","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6090316","article-title":"MP resulting in autophagic cell death of microglia through zinc changes against spinal cord injury","volume":"2016","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926780","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.926780","article-title":"Mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.12.005","article-title":"Autophagy of spinal microglia affects the activation of microglia through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"482","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5364","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.72713","article-title":"Impairment of autophagy after spinal cord injury potentiates neuroinflammation and motor function deficit in mice","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.389302","article-title":"Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-024-01858-9","article-title":"Inflammatory cell death PANoptosis is induced by the anti-cancer curaxin CBL0137 via eliciting the assembly of ZBP1-associated PANoptosome","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res. Off. J. Eur. Histamine Res. Soc."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70338","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70338","article-title":"Resveratrol upregulates miR-124-3p expression to target DAPK1, regulating the NLRP3\/caspase-1\/GSDMD pathway to inhibit pyroptosis and alleviate spinal cord injury","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03362-1","article-title":"Microglial C\/EBP\u03b2-Fcgr1 regulatory axis blocking inhibits microglial pyroptosis and improves neurological recovery","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00068","article-title":"Exosomes originating from neural stem cells undergoing necroptosis participate in cellular communication by inducing TSC2 upregulation of recipient cells following spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117006","article-title":"Ginkgolide B effectively mitigates neuropathic pain by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the induction of mitophagy in rats","volume":"177","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761273","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.761273","article-title":"Biological functions and therapeutic potential of autophagy in spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14776","article-title":"Dual regulation of microglia and neurons by Astragaloside IV-mediated mTORC1 suppression promotes functional recovery after acute spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13460","article-title":"Zinc provides neuroprotection by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome through autophagy and ubiquitination in a spinal contusion injury model","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1582","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.527","article-title":"Disrupted autophagy after spinal cord injury is associated with ER stress and neuronal cell death","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0469-1","article-title":"Lysosomal damage after spinal cord injury causes accumulation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 proteins and potentiation of necroptosis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01751-2","article-title":"Advanced oxidation protein products induce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via MAPKs-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and pyroptosis after secondary spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794298","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.794298","article-title":"TFEB dependent autophagy-lysosomal pathway: an emerging pharmacological target in sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.037","article-title":"Pretreatment with kaempferol attenuates microglia-mediate neuroinflammation by inhibiting MAPKs-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and pyroptosis after secondary spinal cord injury","volume":"168","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137222","article-title":"CK2 inhibitor DMAT ameliorates spinal cord injury by increasing autophagy and inducing anti-inflammatory microglial polarization","volume":"805","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64843-6","article-title":"Identification and bioinformatics analysis of genes associated with pyroptosis in spinal cord injury of rat and mouse","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02697-w","article-title":"IPSC-NSCs-derived exosomal let-7b-5p improves motor function after spinal cord Injury by modulating microglial\/macrophage pyroptosis","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.385309","article-title":"Conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells treats spinal cord injury by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111738","article-title":"Fisetin orchestrates neuroinflammation resolution and facilitates spinal cord injury recovery through enhanced autophagy in pro-inflammatory glial cells","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63170","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c12454","article-title":"Borneol-functionalized macrophage membrane-encapsulated mesoporous selenium nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol for the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2024.0618","article-title":"GPx3 promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis through IRAK4\/ROS\/NLRP3 Axis","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02185-y","article-title":"MiR-223 enhances lipophagy by suppressing CTSB in microglia following lysolecithin-induced demyelination in mice","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-025-01357-2","article-title":"Trehalose enhances macrophage autophagy to promote myelin debris clearance after spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12534","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes in infectious diseases","volume":"277","author":"Man","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.13702\/j.1000-0607.20230701","article-title":"Effect of electroacupuncture of \u201cJiaji\u201d (EX-B2) on NOD-like receptor protein 3 mediated pyroptosis in spinal cord tissue of rats with acute spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acupunct. Res."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0578-z","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of microglia activation by intracranial iron overload in central pain after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2021.102053","article-title":"Inhibition of CDK1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis and autophagy and confers neuroprotection after chronic spinal cord injury in vivo","volume":"119","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86991-z","article-title":"Glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein promotes tissue repair after spinal cord injury by reducing iron deposition and ferroptosis in microglia","volume":"15","author":"Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200508","article-title":"PANoptosis: a unique innate immune inflammatory cell death modality","volume":"209","author":"Pandian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2012.44.2.029","article-title":"Molecules and their functions in autophagy","volume":"44","author":"Pyo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7723","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102283","article-title":"Neural stem cell small extracellular vesicle-based delivery of 14-3-3t reduces apoptosis and neuroinflammation following traumatic spinal cord injury by enhancing autophagy by targeting Beclin-1","volume":"11","author":"Rong","year":"","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1571-8","article-title":"Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate apoptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating autophagy","volume":"10","author":"Rong","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106370","article-title":"PI3K signaling promotes formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages at the spinal cord injury site","volume":"190","author":"Ryan","year":"","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02758-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis inhibitor improves outcome after early and delayed treatment in mild spinal cord injury","volume":"147","author":"Ryan","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114324","article-title":"Administration of hypoxic pretreated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promotes spinal cord repair after injury via delivery of circ-Astn1 and activation of autophagy","volume":"152","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10268","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16965","article-title":"MSC derived EV loaded with miRNA-22 inhibits the inflammatory response and nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"25","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4304","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02836-0","article-title":"Progranulin promotes functional recovery in rats with acute spinal cord injury via autophagy-induced anti-inflammatory microglial polarization","volume":"59","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133484","article-title":"Carboxymethyl cellulose\/quaternized chitosan hydrogel loaded with polydopamine nanoparticles promotes spinal cord injury recovery by anti-ferroptosis and M1\/M2 polarization modulation","volume":"275","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466125","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1466125","article-title":"Every-other-day fasting inhibits pyroptosis while regulating bile acid metabolism and activating TGR5 signaling in spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084101","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1084101","article-title":"Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Sterner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1017242024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1017-24.2024","article-title":"Nonresolving neuroinflammation regulates axon regeneration in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"45","author":"Stewart","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17448069231218352","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069231218352","article-title":"Spinal HDAC6 mediates nociceptive behaviors induced by chronic constriction injury via neuronal activation and neuroinflammation","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114230","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome promotes functional repair after spinal cord injury in mice by regulating autophagy and its mechanism","volume":"149","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.11.074","article-title":"Interaction of microglia with the microenvironment in spinal cord injury","volume":"565","author":"Timofeeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabd8811","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd8811","article-title":"Diversified transcriptional responses of myeloid and glial cells in spinal cord injury shaped by HDAC3 activity","volume":"7","author":"Wahane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6277","article-title":"Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in autophagic cell death in microglial cells induced by hypoxia","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13368","article-title":"Salidroside attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through microglia polarization regulation","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00630-5","article-title":"MicroRNA-421-3p-abundant small extracellular vesicles derived from M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages attenuate apoptosis and promote motor function recovery via inhibition of mTOR in spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e894","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.894","article-title":"TLR4 aggravates microglial pyroptosis by promoting DDX3X-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via JAK2\/STAT1 pathway after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22914","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: a review","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-024-01004-6","article-title":"Transplantation of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stromal cells repairs spinal cord injury by inducing microglial polarization","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2304261","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304261","article-title":"Zein-based triple-drug nanoparticles to promote anti-inflammatory responses for nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01463-w","article-title":"Inhibition of CD36 ameliorates mouse spinal cord injury by accelerating microglial lipophagy","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04756-1","article-title":"Exosomal lncRNA RMRP-shuttled by olfactory mucosa-mesenchymal stem cells suppresses microglial pyroptosis to improve spinal cord injury via EIF4A3\/SIRT1","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114048","article-title":"Punicalagin inhibits neuron ferroptosis and secondary neuroinflammation to promote spinal cord injury recovery","volume":"148","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00759-5","article-title":"Metformin promotes microglial cells to facilitate myelin debris clearance and accelerate nerve repairment after spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14439","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14439","article-title":"Inhibition of HDAC6 promotes microvascular endothelial cells to phagocytize myelin debris and reduces inflammatory response to accelerate the repair of spinal cord injury","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-03956-5","article-title":"Contribution of ApoB-100\/SORT1-mediated immune microenvironment in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and ferroptosis after spinal cord injury","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04437-5","article-title":"Microglia promote lymphangiogenesis around the spinal cord through VEGF-C\/VEGFR3-dependent autophagy and polarization after acute spinal cord injury","volume":"62","author":"Xian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300424","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202300424","article-title":"Melatonin exerts an anti-panoptoic role in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injured rats","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Biol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01457-x","article-title":"A slow-releasing donor of hydrogen sulfide inhibits neuronal cell death via anti-PANoptosis in rats with spinal cord ischemia\u2012reperfusion injury","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01724-y","article-title":"Treg cell-derived exosomes miR-709 attenuates microglia pyroptosis and promotes motor function recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02824-z","article-title":"TLR4 promotes microglial pyroptosis via lncRNA-F630028O10Rik by activating PI3K\/AKT pathway after spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.269","article-title":"CD73 alleviates GSDMD-mediated microglia pyroptosis in spinal cord injury through PI3K\/AKT\/Foxo1 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-5920","article-title":"Electroacupuncture alleviates neuropathic pain caused by spared nerve injury by promoting AMPK\/mTOR-mediated autophagy in dorsal root ganglion macrophage","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114558","article-title":"PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway regulates autophagy of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress","volume":"452","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111419","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency on DRG inhibits hippocampal neuroinflammation by regulating spinal GRK2\/p38 expression and enhances spinal autophagy to reduce pain and depression in male rats with spared nerve injury","volume":"127","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00856","article-title":"Long-acting heterodimeric paclitaxel-idebenone prodrug-based nanomedicine promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.JNMS.2024_91-102","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"91","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nippon. Med. Sch."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114401","article-title":"Kanglexin attenuates spinal cord injury by modulating pyroptosis and polarization via the PKA\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"153","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114573","article-title":"Resolvin D2 activates anti-inflammatory microglia via restoring autophagy flux and alleviate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"370","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00532","article-title":"Gallic acid improves comorbid chronic pain and depression behaviors by inhibiting P2X7 receptor-mediated ferroptosis in the spinal cord of rats","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949939","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.949939","article-title":"Pyroptosis in spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01376-8","article-title":"Baicalin inhibits PANoptosis by blocking mitochondrial Z-DNA formation and ZBP1-PANoptosome assembly in macrophages","volume":"46","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1378838","article-title":"Autophagy pathway: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00989-4","article-title":"TRIM32 inhibits NEK7 ubiquitylation-dependent microglia pyroptosis after spinal cord injury","volume":"67","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112710","article-title":"Scutellarin inhibits inflammatory PANoptosis by diminishing mitochondrial ROS generation and blocking PANoptosome formation","volume":"139","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36488","article-title":"Knockout of TNF-\u03b1 in microglia decreases ferroptosis and convert microglia phenotype after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.54302","article-title":"Peripheral macrophage-derived exosomes promote repair after spinal cord injury by inducing local anti-inflammatory type microglial polarization via increasing autophagy","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03719-5","article-title":"Role of transcription factor Nrf2 in pyroptosis in spinal cord injury by regulating GSDMD","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-024-01567-5","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway: an important driver and therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.386399","article-title":"Upregulation of circ0000381 attenuates microglial\/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-024-01945-x","article-title":"Cynarin inhibits microglia-induced pyroptosis and neuroinflammation via Nrf2\/ROS\/NLRP3 axis after spinal cord injury","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-01978-8","article-title":"Albiflorin attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through regulating LSD1-mediated microglial activation and ferroptosis","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01933","article-title":"Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia decreases neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03441-8","article-title":"Zinc promotes microglial autophagy through NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation via XIST\/miR-374a-5p Axis in spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113281","article-title":"Macrophages dying from ferroptosis promote microglia-mediated inflammatory responses during spinal cord injury","volume":"143","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020466","article-title":"The temporal pattern, flux, and function of autophagy in spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0324-9","article-title":"Microvascular endothelial cells engulf myelin debris and promote macrophage recruitment and fibrosis after neural injury","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0464","article-title":"Exosome-Shuttled miR-672-5p from anti-inflammatory microglia repair traumatic spinal cord injury by inhibiting AIM2\/ASC\/Caspase-1 signaling pathway mediated neuronal pyroptosis","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02610-5","article-title":"Repair spinal cord injury with a versatile anti-oxidant and neural regenerative nanoplatform","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360499","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1360499","article-title":"Nitric oxide-induced lipophagic defects contribute to testosterone deficiency in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14162","article-title":"Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 regulates ferroptosis and macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury via glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"29","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.03.014","article-title":"Photobiomodulation regulates inflammation and autophagy in spinal cord injury through NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/IL-1\u03b2 pathway by targeting TLR2","volume":"182","author":"Zuo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1656732\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:43Z","timestamp":1760617063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1656732\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":144,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2025.1656732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1656732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"article-number":"1656732"}}