{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T05:17:04Z","timestamp":1794201424463,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a key inflammatory mediator, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. IL-1 signals through two major receptors, the signaling receptor IL-1R1 and the decoy receptor IL-1R2. However, the cell-type-specific and organ-specific expression dynamics of these receptors during sepsis remain poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and flow cytometry validation, we systematically analyzed the expression profiles of IL-1R1 and IL-1R2 across multiple organs\u2014including the lung, liver, heart, and small intestine in murine models of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that IL-1R1 was predominantly expressed on non-immune cells (lung fibroblasts, liver endothelial cells and heart fibroblasts), and showed increased changes during sepsis. In contrast, IL-1R2 was primarily expressed on neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages in healthy conditions, with minimal expression on tissue resident macrophages such as alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells). Sepsis induced a significant upregulation of IL-1R2 on neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages across all organs. However, resident macrophages in the lung, liver and heart maintain low expression during sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reveal distinct and compartmentalized expression landscapes for IL-1R1 and IL-1R2 across organs during sepsis. These findings offer a deep understanding of IL-1 receptors biology and shed light on their contributions to immune modulation and tissue-specific responses in sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1675870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T06:30:57Z","timestamp":1762756257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Decoding IL-1 receptor 1 and 2 expression profiles across organs in sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chuyi","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122006","article-title":"IL-1 enhances expansion, effector function, tissue localization, and memory response of antigen-specific CD8 T cells","volume":"210","author":"Ben-Sasson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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