{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T06:34:34Z","timestamp":1763966074586,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired synaptic development and disrupted excitation\/inhibition (E\/I) balance. While neuronal mechanisms have been extensively studied, accumulating evidence indicates that glial cells\u2014particularly astrocytes\u2014play a crucial role in maintaining synaptic homeostasis and regulating neurotransmission during brain development. However, the functional contribution of astrocytes to ASD pathogenesis remains insufficiently defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to explore astrocyte-mediated regulation of E\/I balance in ASD using\n                      <jats:italic>Gryllus bimaculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Gb) extract as a neuroprotective biological probe. A valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mouse model was established, and glial-neuronal interactions were assessed through analyses of neural progenitor cells, primary cortical neurons, astrocytes, and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gb extract reversed VPA-induced alterations in neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation and restored expression of key synaptic proteins (neuroligins, neurexin, synaptophysin). Notably, astrocyte-specific markers (GFAP, EAAT1\/2) and E\/I-related transporters (vGluT1, VGAT, GABA R1\u03b1, NMDA R1) were dysregulated in the ASD model and normalized by Gb treatment. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that astrocytes from VPA-treated animals, rather than neurons alone, were primarily responsible for E\/I imbalance and synaptic abnormalities. Gb extract acted as a modulator of astrocytic function, restoring synaptic integrity and neurodevelopmental stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore the pivotal role of astrocytes in the development and modulation of ASD-related synaptic pathology. Gb extract served as a valuable biological tool to reveal glial contributions to synaptic regulation and E\/I balance. These insights support targeting astrocytic pathways with Gb extract as a novel therapeutic strategy for ASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1677851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T06:29:37Z","timestamp":1763965777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Astrocytic gatekeeping of neural circuitry and synaptic balance in an autism mouse model: mechanistic insights beyond Gryllus bimaculatus extract-derived therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Haesung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Buu","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sook-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115199","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of the standardised extract of Bacopa monnieri (BacoMind) in valproic acid model of autism spectrum disorder in rats","volume":"293","author":"Abhishek","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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