{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:40:07Z","timestamp":1774597207770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has largely been used in tissue regeneration and wound healing applications. A promising alternative to decellularized hAM or isolated cells is the usage of native viable hAM which contains and releases cell-derived bioactive factors that are known to enhance tissue regeneration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of gene expression at post-transcriptional level and are important drivers of regeneration processes in several tissues. In this study, we characterized the miRNA profile of hAM tissue and its vesicular and non-vesicular secretome in the reflected and placental hAM as two spatially and physiologically distinct regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracellular vesicles were enriched from the secretome by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Small RNAs were determined by Next Generation Sequencing in the conditioned medium and in tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After SEC, we identified predominantly small hAM-derived EVs (\u2264200 nm) expressing CD81. The highest percentage of miRNA relative to all mapped reads was found in tissue (15%\u201340%), while 2%\u201315% were protein-bound and 3%\u20136% associated with EVs. Unsupervised clustering revealed distinct clusters of miRNA expression according to sample fraction (EV-associated, protein-bound, and tissue) and amniotic regions (reflected, placental). Gene ontology analysis linked EV-associated and tissue miRNAs to (smooth) muscle proliferation, while protein-bound miRNAs were associated with connective tissue development, chondrocyte differentiation and glial cell proliferation. Furthermore, correlation analysis of tissue miRNAs and extracellular expression identified EV-associated and protein-bound miRNAs specifically released from the tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the assumption that native viable hAM could serve as a miRNA source for applications in regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1692501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:06:06Z","timestamp":1761721566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinct miRNA profiles in human amniotic tissue and its vesicular and non-vesicular secretome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nefertiti","family":"Chaves-Solano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Kau-Strebinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Oesterreicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Pultar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Holnthoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Grillari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Hennerbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Brandstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Spittler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hackl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Wolbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelheid","family":"Weidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03217-7","article-title":"MIR-143 and miR-145 disrupt the cervical epithelial barrier through dysregulation of cell adhesion, apoptosis and proliferation","volume":"7","author":"Anton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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