{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:58:15Z","timestamp":1789750695766,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic investigation into the effects of ocular rotation on postoperative residual astigmatism in patients undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational cohort study involved 79 patients (153 eyes) with myopia and astigmatism who underwent SMILE surgery. Ocular rotational magnitude was measured using manual corneal and scleral marking with a slit-lamp microscopy assessment. Preoperative and postoperative (1- and 3-month) assessments included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, and other relevant ocular parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Residual astigmatism showed significant correlations with ocular rotation magnitude (r = 0.429,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), preoperative intraocular pressure (r = \u22120.178,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), and preoperative cylindrical lens power (r = 0.175,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035). A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that rotation magnitude significantly impacted postoperative residual astigmatism (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). However, preoperative intraocular pressure (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.349) and spherical equivalent (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.105) were not significantly related to residual astigmatism. Linear regression analysis further demonstrated significant positive correlations between rotation amplitude and various astigmatism parameters at both 1- and 3-month postoperative follow-ups (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). In particular, the relationships were quantified as follows: cylindrical lens (CYL [D]) (1 month: y = 7.058x + 17.480,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001; 3 months: y = 7.464x + 13.610,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), target-induced astigmatism (TIA [D]) (1 month: y = 0.112x + 1.275,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012; 3 months: y = 0.097x + 1.217,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA [D]) (1 month: y = 0.094x + 0.936,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001; 3 months: y = 0.059x + 0.911,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022), and difference vector (DV [D]) (1 month: y = 0.041x + 0.289,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005; 3 months: y = 0.037x + 0.866,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011). Notably, rotation amplitude exhibited the strongest association with postoperative CYL. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined the optimal thresholds for rotation magnitude in predicting residual astigmatism to be 1.5\u00b0 at 1 month (AUC = 0.753; sensitivity 79.7%; specificity 58.2%) and 2.5\u00b0 at 3 months (AUC = 0.929; sensitivity 92.9%; specificity 83.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The magnitude of rotation shows a notably positive correlation with residual astigmatism during both the 1- and 3-month postoperative follow-ups. Thresholds of 1.5\u00b0 (1 month) or 2.5\u00b0 (3 months) prove predictive of residual astigmatism, with enhanced diagnostic precision at the later follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1695775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:16:22Z","timestamp":1764857782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative analysis of the effect of ocular rotation on postoperative residual astigmatism in small incision lenticule extraction for myopia correction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Caiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaizhen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangkun","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.027","article-title":"Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis in high mixed astigmatism with optimized, fast-repetition and cyclotorsion control excimer laser","volume":"155","author":"Alio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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