{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:44:14Z","timestamp":1782963854249,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE029802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE029802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3X has important roles in development and disease. Loss of DDX3X during developmental and pathological processes such as tumorigenesis can lead to compensatory upregulation of the close paralog DDX3Y in males, which may underlie the sexual dimorphism displayed by some DDX3X-associated diseases. However, how DDX3X cross-regulates DDX3Y remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the regulation of DDX3Y by DDX3X in two male-derived human cancer cell lines, HCT116 and U87MG. Depletion of DDX3X in HCT116 cells results in moderately increased DDX3Y mRNA and protein, in part due to stabilization of\n                    <jats:italic>DDX3Y<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcripts. Conversely, reduction of DDX3X in U87MG\u00a0cells markedly upregulates DDX3Y protein without affecting its mRNA, mainly by enhancing DDX3Y protein stability. We further show that DDX3X physically interacts with DDX3Y. DDX3Y is much less stable than DDX3X in U87MG\u00a0cells, and substitution of two lysine residues in DDX3Y with the corresponding arginine in DDX3X stabilizes DDX3Y. Thus, the compensatory upregulation of DDX3Y following DDX3X loss can occur at either transcript or protein level, suggesting complex and cell type-specific cross-regulation between these X- and Y-linked paralogs to keep the total DDX3 dosage in check.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1644807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:53:45Z","timestamp":1772088825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cell type-dependent suppression of the RNA helicase DDX3Y levels by the close paralog DDX3X"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware","place":["Newark, DE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Rainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware","place":["Newark, DE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas F.","family":"Grigoropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Haematology, National Cancer Centre Singapore","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware","place":["Newark, DE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13206","article-title":"Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators","volume":"508","author":"Bellott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00703-w","article-title":"The ubiquitin system: from cell signalling to disease biology and new therapeutic opportunities","volume":"28","author":"Damgaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh240","article-title":"The AZFa gene DBY (DDX3Y) is widely transcribed but the protein is limited to the Male germ cells by translation control","volume":"13","author":"Ditton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. 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