{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T06:37:37Z","timestamp":1776926257980,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous cancer where the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune landscape differ across populations. Western groups often show an \u201cimmune-hot\u201d profile with infiltration by various immune cells, including cytotoxic CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, helper CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, and regulatory T cells. In contrast, Indian groups frequently display an inflammation-rich yet immunosuppressive microenvironment dominated by myeloid cells. The Asian population, particularly Indian patients, often exhibits distinct immune subtypes influenced by region-specific factors such as tobacco and areca nut use, rather than smoking and alcohol. Indian oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the gingivobuccal region shows unique distributions and functional states of antitumor immune populations, with differences in activation and suppression signatures that impact prognosis, metastasis, and treatment response. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules are essential for the immunotherapeutic response, and studies have reported the influence of specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and II gene variants on antigen presentation and T cell activation. These allelic variants may serve as indicators of tumor microenvironment (TME) involvement and could affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Recognizing population-specific variations in immune cell infiltration highlights biological differences in carcinogenesis and offers opportunities to discover new biomarkers and stratify patients for personalized treatment strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1725978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:38:20Z","timestamp":1776922700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Divergent immuno-landscapes: comparing the tumor microenvironment of Indian and Western HNSCC patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Prashant","family":"Kumar Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","place":["Manipal, India"]},{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology","place":["Bengaluru, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibha","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology","place":["Bengaluru, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1729443","article-title":"Real-world experience of immunotherapy from India in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck cancer","volume":"10","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"South Asian J. Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300210044","article-title":"Survival outcomes and response rates among patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Allurkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912217","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"363","author":"Ang","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"15","article-title":"Epidemiology, staging and screening of head and neck cancer","volume-title":"Head and neck cancer","author":"Argiris","year":"2003"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3958","article-title":"The tumour microenvironment after radiotherapy: mechanisms of resistance and recurrence","volume":"15","author":"Barker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Reviews. Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-017-0314-x","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation profile identified a unique set of differentially methylated immune genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in India","volume":"9","author":"Basu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00419-w","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy","volume":"6","author":"Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03096","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression","volume":"432","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"BioRender\n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1937","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm","volume":"11","author":"Biswas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s44276-025-00164-z","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of consecutive patients of oropharyngeal cancer treated with radical radiotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Budrukkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJC Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13205241","article-title":"Epigenetic modifiers as novel therapeutic targets and a systematic review of clinical studies investigating epigenetic inhibitors in head and neck cancer","volume":"13","author":"Burkitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00052","article-title":"Heterogeneity of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma immune landscape and its impact on immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Canning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001523","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001523","article-title":"Landscape of natural killer cell activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Charap","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057178X17702921","DOI":"10.1177\/2057178X17702921","article-title":"Oral cancer in south east Asia","volume":"2","author":"Cheong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Res. Oral Oncol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02248.x","article-title":"Immunosuppressive activity of CD 14 + HLA \u2010 DR \u2212 cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"103","author":"Chikamatsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061296","article-title":"The tumor-specific immune landscape in HPV+ head and neck cancer","volume":"15","author":"Conarty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.09.24317044","article-title":"EMT, angiogenesis and cell-cycle pathways are significantly impacted in oral cancer patients, among whom a large fraction may potentially respond to immune checkpoint therapy","author":"Das","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2440","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of human papillomavirus positive status and p16INK4a overexpression as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723162","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.723162","article-title":"Multidimensional mutational profiling of the Indian HNSCC sub-population provides IRAK1, a novel driver gene and potential druggable target","volume":"11","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402247","article-title":"Interactions of tumor cells with dendritic cells: balancing immunity and tolerance","volume":"15","author":"Dhodapkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death and Differ."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12020034","article-title":"Analysis of HLA-G 14 bp insertion\/deletion polymorphism and HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients","volume":"12","author":"Durmanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30353","article-title":"The prognostic role of sex, race and human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell cancer","volume":"123","author":"Fakhry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2750","article-title":"Immune escape associated with functional defects in antigen-processing machinery in head and neck cancer","volume":"12","author":"Ferris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00310","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibition in head and neck cancer","volume":"8","author":"Forster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605741","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2605741","article-title":"Single-cell landscape of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HPV-negative HNSCC","volume":"15","author":"Galvani","year":"2026","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081272","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): current perspectives and future prospects","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.279737.116","article-title":"Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the composition of malignancy","volume":"30","author":"Gascard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes and Dev."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101426","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma\u2013An update on clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Goel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3712","article-title":"Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny","volume":"14","author":"Guilliams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.3.358","article-title":"Marginal periodontium as a potential reservoir of human papillomavirus in oral mucosa","volume":"76","author":"Hormia","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3873","article-title":"Mutational landscape of gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma reveals new recurrently mutated genes and molecular subgroups","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12091521","article-title":"Immune cells in head-and-neck tumor microenvironments","volume":"12","author":"Jumaniyazova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Personalized Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.73","article-title":"The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Kalluri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"545","article-title":"Dendritic cells in human squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity","volume":"22","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195300","article-title":"Suppression of antitumor immunity by stromal cells expressing fibroblast activation Protein\u2013\u03b1","volume":"330","author":"Kraman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-014-1630-6","article-title":"Immunologic and metabolic characteristics of HPV-negative and HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are strikingly different","volume":"465","author":"Krupar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv An International Journal Pathology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.577","article-title":"EGFR inhibitors augment antitumour helper T-cell responses of HER family-specific immunotherapy","volume":"109","author":"Kumai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3685","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses identify new susceptibility loci for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer","volume":"48","author":"Lesseur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576946","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.576946","article-title":"The roles of histone deacetylases and their inhibitors in cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.15","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells are enriched in head neck squamous cell carcinoma, correlates with tumour size and inhibit T-cell proliferation","volume":"112","author":"Liotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3402","article-title":"Role of antigen-processing machinery in the in vitro resistance of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cells to recognition by CTL","volume":"176","author":"Lopez-Albaitero","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2019.1556637","article-title":"The value of immunotherapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"19","author":"Manca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89829","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89829","article-title":"The head and neck cancer immune landscape and its immunotherapeutic implications","volume":"1","author":"Mandal","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20701","article-title":"Prognostic factors in oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"101","author":"Marcus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10562","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment is not an \u2018innocent bystander\u2019 in the resistance to treatment of head and neck cancers","volume":"22","author":"Mazilu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12875","article-title":"Genetic variation and environmental risk factors in head and neck cancer: an Indian perspective","volume":"48","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_96_17","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer in India: current status and consensus recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Murthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Asian Journal Cancer"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.034","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1\/CXCL12 secretion","volume":"121","author":"Orimo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-01020-6","article-title":"Inflammation and limited adaptive immunity predict worse outcomes on immunotherapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"9","author":"Paschold","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Precis. Onc."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001053","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001053","article-title":"CD163+ cytokine-producing cDC2 stimulate intratumoral type 1 T cell responses in HPV16-induced oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Santegoets","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/ijohs.ijohs_21_22","article-title":"Association of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR alleles in oral squamous cell carcinomas and its correlation with clinical staging","volume":"13","author":"Shahab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Health Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e498","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00007-8","article-title":"Radiation and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy: radiosensitisation and potential mechanisms of synergy","volume":"16","author":"Sharabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5163","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0959","article-title":"ARID2 deficiency promotes tumor progression and alters chromatin accessibility in cancer","volume":"75","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-2360","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies two novel susceptible regions for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"80","author":"Shete","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14129","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"517","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3902","article-title":"Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment","volume":"15","author":"Turley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092103","article-title":"HNSCC: tumour antigens and their targeting by immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"von Witzleben","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02611-3","article-title":"Characterization of immune microenvironment in patients with HPV-positive and negative head and neck cancer","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-03993-6","article-title":"Clinical significance of peripheral T-cell repertoire in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with cetuximab and nivolumab","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2140","article-title":"Intratumoral HPV16-Specific T cells constitute a type I\u2013Oriented tumor microenvironment to improve survival in HPV16-Driven oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"24","author":"Welters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.09.006","article-title":"Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and prognosis in oral cavity squamous carcinoma: a preliminary study","volume":"51","author":"Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01271.x","article-title":"Association of HLA\u2010DQB1\u26050301 and HLA\u2010DQB1\u26050602 with different subtypes of gastric cancer in Taiwan","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200209000-00010","article-title":"Familial head and neck cancer: molecular analysis of a new clinical entity","volume":"112","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/futurepharmacol5030043","article-title":"Assessing the pharmacological and pharmacogenomic data of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors to enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes in the clinical setting","author":"Zervanos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Pharm"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2015.06.002","article-title":"The HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms associated with cervical cancer risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02487-4","article-title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1351","article-title":"Targeting EZH2 enhances antigen presentation, antitumor immunity, and circumvents Anti-PD-1 resistance in head and neck cancer","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Research An Official Journal Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1725978\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:38:22Z","timestamp":1776922702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1725978\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2026.1725978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1725978","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"article-number":"1725978"}}