{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:11:45Z","timestamp":1780647105307,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lens epithelial cells (LECs) senescence is a central pathogenic mechanism in cataract formation, driven by a variety of chronic stressors such as oxidative damage, UV radiation, metabolic disturbances, and mechanical strain. When exposed to these stressors, LECs undergo a series of cellular responses, including stable cell cycle arrest, development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and impaired autophagic flux. These alterations compromise the function of LECs, disrupt lens homeostasis, and promote the pro-inflammatory microenvironment that accelerates cataract progression. Recent advances in targeting senescent LECs have led to the development of promising pharmacological therapies, including senolytics and senomorphics. Senolytic agents, such as Dasatinib and Quercetin, selectively eliminate senescent cells, while senomorphic agents like Metformin and Rapamycin aim to modulate the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and restore cellular homeostasis. Despite these promising results, challenges remain, particularly in overcoming ocular drug delivery barriers. Nonetheless, the potential of targeting LECs senescence offers new therapeutic opportunities for cataract management. Collectively, these insights support a paradigm shift in cataract management. Rather than relying solely on surgical intervention, future strategies may emphasize biologically informed, disease-modifying, and preventive approaches that target cellular senescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1758898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:00:14Z","timestamp":1772607614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lens epithelial cells senescence in cataract pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liangning","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanru","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02046-1","article-title":"Metformin: decelerates biomarkers of aging clocks","volume":"9","author":"Abou Zaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9610-z","article-title":"Suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in human fibroblasts using small molecule inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase and MK2","volume":"17","author":"Alimbetov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8489","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S543211","article-title":"Targeting cellular senescence for healthy aging: advances in senolytics and senomorphics","volume":"19","author":"Alum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel Ther."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31252","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.47.31252","article-title":"The molecular chaperone alphaA-crystallin enhances lens epithelial cell growth and resistance to UVA stress","volume":"273","author":"Andley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.03.016","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms underlying lens fiber elongation","volume":"156","author":"Audette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.031","article-title":"Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells restores tissue homeostasis in response to chemotoxicity and aging","volume":"169","author":"Baar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100069","article-title":"Senotherapy for chronic lung disease","volume":"77","author":"Barnes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.04.001","article-title":"The lens growth process","volume":"60","author":"Bassnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153375","article-title":"Redox regulation in age-related cataracts: roles for glutathione, vitamin C, and the NRF2 signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Bejarano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989524","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.989524","article-title":"Loss of fiber cell communication may contribute to the development of cataracts of many different etiologies","volume":"13","author":"Beyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11091043","article-title":"The target of rapamycin signalling pathway in ageing and lifespan regulation","volume":"11","author":"Bjedov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13057","article-title":"Regulation of cellular senescence via the FOXO4-p53 axis","volume":"592","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(20)30488-5","article-title":"The lancet global health commission on global eye health: vision beyond 2020","volume":"9","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.1c00193","article-title":"Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry of the human lens enhances spatiotemporal measurement of fiber cell aging","volume":"32","author":"Cantrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02475-8","article-title":"The controversial role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cancer therapy","volume":"24","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38126-8","article-title":"Sterol synthesis by the ocular lens of the rat during postnatal development","volume":"23","author":"Cenedella","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8376","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16797","article-title":"Metformin alleviates oxidative stress-induced senescence of human lens epithelial cells via AMPK activation and autophagic flux restoration","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-22-0528","article-title":"Senescence rewires microenvironment sensing to facilitate antitumor immunity","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167265","article-title":"Characterization of mechanical stress in the occurrence of cortical opacification in age-related cataracts using three-dimensional finite element model of the human lens and RNA-seq","volume":"1870","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00800-w","article-title":"Metformin protects lens epithelial cells against senescence in a naturally aged mouse model","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010026","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles encapsulated resveratrol as an anti-aging agent to delay cataract development","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. (Basel)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2024.110180","article-title":"FYCO1 regulates autophagy and senescence via PAK1\/p21 in cataract","volume":"761","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103344","article-title":"CARM1 phosphorylation at S595 by p38\u03b3 MAPK drives ROS-mediated cellular senescence","volume":"76","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809136105","article-title":"Rapamycin differentially inhibits S6Ks and 4E-BP1 to mediate cell-type-specific repression of mRNA translation","volume":"105","author":"Choo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)01839-6","article-title":"Cataracts","volume":"401","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14249","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14249","article-title":"Lens capsule advanced glycation end products induce senescence in epithelial cells: implications for secondary cataracts","volume":"23","author":"Cooksley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00533-7","article-title":"Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of cellular senescence in osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Coryell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166233","article-title":"Deficiency of heat shock factor 4 promotes lens epithelial cell senescence through upregulating p21(cip1) expression","volume":"1867","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108564","article-title":"Crystallin gene expression: insights from studies of transcriptional bursting","volume":"207","author":"Cvekl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110742","article-title":"The development of cell senescence","volume":"128","author":"Da Silva-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0299","article-title":"Homeostasis in the vertebrate lens: mechanisms of solute exchange","volume":"366","author":"Dahm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.08.002","article-title":"The lens capsule","volume":"88","author":"Danysh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.01.014","article-title":"A role for Hippo\/YAP-signaling in FGF-induced lens epithelial cell proliferation and fibre differentiation","volume":"169","author":"Dawes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj7050","article-title":"Cellular senescence in normal physiology","volume":"384","author":"de Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.09.002","article-title":"The physiological optics of the lens","volume":"56","author":"Donaldson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101152","article-title":"Regulation of lens water content: effects on the physiological optics of the lens","volume":"95","author":"Donaldson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284102","article-title":"Regulation of water flow in the ocular lens: new roles for aquaporins","volume":"602","author":"Donaldson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05691-w","article-title":"METTL3-mediated m6A modification of SIRT1 mRNA affects the progression of diabetic cataracts through cellular autophagy and senescence","volume":"22","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00912-w","article-title":"PDK4-dependent hypercatabolism and lactate production of senescent cells promotes cancer malignancy","volume":"5","author":"Dou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101652","article-title":"p21 induces a senescence program and skeletal muscle dysfunction","volume":"67","author":"Englund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12765","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12765","article-title":"Metformin alleviates human cellular aging by upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum glutathione peroxidase 7","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(83)90085-4","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the human cataractous lens","volume":"36","author":"Fecondo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02419-2","article-title":"Cellular senescence in cancer: from mechanism paradoxes to precision therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7","article-title":"Metformin protects human lens epithelial cells from high glucose-induced senescence and autophagy inhibition by upregulating SIRT1","volume":"262","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13490","article-title":"Senescence, brain inflammation, and oligomeric tau drive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from clinical and preclinical studies","volume":"20","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.11.001","article-title":"Autophagy mediates tumor suppression via cellular senescence","volume":"26","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818649","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.818649","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms regulating lens transport","volume":"12","author":"Giannone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152262","article-title":"Autophagy: a key regulator of homeostasis and disease: an overview of molecular mechanisms and modulators","volume":"11","author":"G\u00f3mez-Virgilio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.005","article-title":"Cellular senescence: defining a path forward","volume":"179","author":"Gorgoulis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04436-w","article-title":"A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human lens epithelium: identification and functional insights into lens stem\/progenitor cells","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2023.10.001","article-title":"Oxidative stress, epigenetic regulation and pathological processes of lens epithelial cells underlying diabetic cataract","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Ophthalmol. Pract. Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tria.2020.100086","article-title":"Histopathological effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the ocular structures in animal studies \u2013Literature review","volume":"22","author":"Hamba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Res. Anat."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(61)90192-6","article-title":"The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains","volume":"25","author":"Hayflick","year":"1961","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.04.071","article-title":"Balancing nutrient and energy demand and supply via autophagy","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2018.0910","article-title":"Deficiency of yes-associated protein induces cataract in mice","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0266319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266319","article-title":"The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin protects from premature cellular senescence early after experimental kidney transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Hoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5628946","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5628946","article-title":"Biliverdin reductase A protects lens epithelial cells against oxidative damage and cellular senescence in age-related cataract","volume":"2022","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01418-0","article-title":"SenPred: a single-cell RNA sequencing-based machine learning pipeline to classify deeply senescent dermal fibroblast cells for the detection of an in vivo senescent cell burden","volume":"17","author":"Hughes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70150","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70150","article-title":"Sirtuin 1 suppresses hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence and promotes viability and migration in lens epithelial cells by inhibiting forkhead box protein O1\/Toll-Like receptor 4 pathway","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03402-1","article-title":"Cyclic cell-penetrating peptide-engineered ceria nanoparticles for non-invasive alleviation of ultraviolet radiation-induced cataract","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1670","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae973","article-title":"Generic diagramming platform (GDP): a comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eads1875","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads1875","article-title":"Single-cell morphology encodes functional subtypes of senescence in aging human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"11","author":"Kamat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.16.870","article-title":"Glutathione levels of the human crystalline lens in aging and its antioxidant effect against the oxidation of lens proteins","volume":"16","author":"Kamei","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101468","article-title":"Autophagy and the hallmarks of aging","volume":"72","author":"Kaushik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2020091373","article-title":"Progressive cellular senescence mediates renal dysfunction in ischemic nephropathy","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121465","article-title":"Synergistic ROS reduction through the Co-Inhibition of BRAF and p38 MAPK ameliorates senescence","volume":"13","author":"Kuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645593","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.645593","article-title":"Mechanisms of cellular senescence: cell cycle arrest and senescence associated secretory phenotype","volume":"9","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.003","article-title":"Senolytics and senomorphics: natural and synthetic therapeutics in the treatment of aging and chronic diseases","volume":"171","author":"Lagoumtzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8748463","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8748463","article-title":"Correlation of sunlight exposure and different morphological types of age-related cataract","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1087-0","article-title":"Cyclic stretch induced oxidative stress by mitochondrial and NADPH oxidase in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01900-z","article-title":"Uric acid-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggers lens epithelial cell senescence and cataract formation","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02284-z","article-title":"Regulation of cellular senescence in tumor progression and therapeutic targeting: mechanisms and pathways","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202470","article-title":"CircMRE11A_013 binds to UBXN1 and integrates ATM activation enhancing lens epithelial cells senescence in age-related cataract","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101112","article-title":"The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70155","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70155","article-title":"SIRT1 prevents lens epithelial cell senescence during age-related cataract via regulating p66Shc","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071727","article-title":"Targeting cellular senescence: pathophysiology in multisystem age-related diseases","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51363-0","article-title":"Release of mitochondrial dsRNA into the cytosol is a key driver of the inflammatory phenotype of senescent cells","volume":"15","author":"L\u00f3pez-Polo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.122.000622","article-title":"Cellular senescence: from mechanisms to current biomarkers and senotherapies","volume":"75","author":"Lucas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.04.022","article-title":"GSK-3\u03b2-dependent Nrf2 antioxidant response modulates ferroptosis of lens epithelial cells in age-related cataract","volume":"204","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414483","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2024.1414483","article-title":"UV light and the ocular lens: a review of exposure models and resulting biomolecular changes","volume":"4","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Ophthalmol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91832-w","article-title":"Incidence of elevated intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Maruyama-Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1980.tb01084.x","article-title":"Beta- and gamma-crystallin synthesis in rat lens epithelium explanted with neural retinal","volume":"17","author":"McAvoy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"B83","first-page":"3720","article-title":"Attributable risk estimates for cataract to prioritize medical and public health action","volume":"41","author":"McCarty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6789","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12644","article-title":"UV-B-induced DNA damage and repair in the mouse lens","volume":"54","author":"Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12075","article-title":"Metformin inhibits the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by interfering with IKK\/NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"12","author":"Moiseeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.019","article-title":"Programmed cell senescence during mammalian embryonic development","volume":"155","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Esp\u00edn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000000000000316","article-title":"Targeting senescent cells as therapy for CKD","volume":"5","author":"Mylonas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429716","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1429716","article-title":"Aging, senescence, and cutaneous wound healing-a complex relationship","volume":"15","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06386-0","article-title":"Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 promotes inflammation in senescence and aging","volume":"7","author":"Odawara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.059","article-title":"Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo","volume":"187","author":"Ogrodnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169x.1971.00323.x","article-title":"The expression of differentiation by chicken lens epithelium in in vitro cell culture","volume":"13","author":"Okada","year":"1971","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.01.018","article-title":"Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of anterior segment eye diseases","volume":"354","author":"Onugwu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02080-z","article-title":"Cyclin-dependent protein kinases and cell cycle regulation in biology and disease","volume":"10","author":"Pellarin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2016.10.23","article-title":"Age-related changes in the kinetics of human lenses: prevention of the cataract","volume":"9","author":"Pescosolido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110582","article-title":"Targeting LARP1 to mitigate aging in lens epithelial cells: mechanistic insights into mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"260","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020244","article-title":"Cellular senescence in health, disease, and lens aging","volume":"18","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. (Basel)"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102537","article-title":"Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens","volume":"298","author":"Quinlan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2023.111888","article-title":"Current senolytics: mode of action, efficacy and limitations, and their future","volume":"217","author":"Rad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.10.044","article-title":"Activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in lens epithelial cells derived from different types of age-related cataract","volume":"34","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cataract. Refract Surg."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1909","article-title":"Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion","volume":"11","author":"Rodier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00747-5","article-title":"Lysosomal control of senescence and inflammation through cholesterol partitioning","volume":"5","author":"Roh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-013-0140-8","article-title":"Autophagy: a critical regulator of cellular metabolism and homeostasis","volume":"36","author":"Ryter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00616-5","article-title":"NF-\u03baB is a critical mediator of post-mitotic senescence in oligodendrocytes and subsequent white matter loss","volume":"18","author":"Schlett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.032888","article-title":"Pax6 is essential for lens fiber cell differentiation","volume":"136","author":"Shaham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63553-5","article-title":"Ocular delivery of lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding lanosterol synthase ameliorates cataract in rats","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.Ijo_19_24","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant status of lens epithelial cells in cataract patients","volume":"72","author":"Sorte Gawali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.041","article-title":"Senescence is a developmental mechanism that contributes to embryonic growth and patterning","volume":"155","author":"Storer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae010","article-title":"Targeting cell senescence and senolytics: novel interventions for age-related endocrine dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Suda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.03.017","article-title":"Expression and localisation of apical junctional complex proteins in lens epithelial cells","volume":"87","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00815-5","article-title":"The multifaceted role of the SASP in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.02.117","article-title":"CDK1 inhibitor controls G2\/M phase transition and reverses DNA damage sensitivity","volume":"550","author":"Sunada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0549","article-title":"An impediment to glutathione diffusion in older normal human lenses: a possible precondition for nuclear cataract","volume":"67","author":"Sweeney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2016.04.003","article-title":"Exploring the molecular targets of dietary flavonoid fisetin in cancer","author":"Syed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524814","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1524814","article-title":"The role of the Hippo\/YAP pathway in the physiological activities and lesions of lens epithelial cells","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8653476","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8653476","article-title":"Real-world cataract surgery complications and secondary interventions incidence rates: an analysis of US medicare claims database","volume":"2022","author":"Terveen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9042","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25169042","article-title":"The synergistic effects of polyol pathway-induced oxidative and osmotic stress in the aetiology of diabetic cataracts","volume":"25","author":"Thorne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031923","article-title":"Cholesterol content regulates the interaction of \u03b1A-\u03b1B-and \u03b1-Crystallin with the model of human lens-lipid membranes","volume":"25","author":"Timsina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03281-0","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of post-operative endophthalmitis following elective phacoemulsification cataract surgery, between 2015 and 2022","volume":"38","author":"Ting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.28.721","article-title":"Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing streptomycete and isolation of the active principle","volume":"28","author":"V\u00e9zina","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06621-4","article-title":"Apoptotic stress causes mtDNA release during senescence and drives the SASP","volume":"622","author":"Victorelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12587","article-title":"Rapamycin inhibits the secretory phenotype of senescent cells by a Nrf2-independent mechanism","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.15.6","article-title":"HO-1-Mediated autophagic restoration protects lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress and cellular senescence","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00727-x","article-title":"The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113798","article-title":"Metal-phenolic epigallocatechin gallate-zinc antioxidant nanoparticles for cataract treatment","volume":"383","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.11.5","article-title":"Changes in the lipid profile of aqueous humor from diabetic cataract patients","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14010006","article-title":"Reduction in lens epithelial cell senescence burden through dasatinib plus quercetin or rapamycin alleviates D-Galactose-Induced cataract progression","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.11.011","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction induces senescence with a distinct secretory phenotype","volume":"23","author":"Wiley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.02.001","article-title":"d-galactose induces premature senescence of lens epithelial cells by disturbing autophagy flux and mitochondrial functions","volume":"289","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101943","article-title":"Laminin \u03b14 overexpression in the anterior lens capsule may contribute to the senescence of human lens epithelial cells in age-related cataract","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109006","article-title":"Topical ocular drug delivery systems: innovations for an unmet need","volume":"218","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.1.34","article-title":"Occurrence of oxidative stress and premature senescence in the anterior segment of acute primary angle-closure eyes","volume":"63","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13094","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13094","article-title":"Tissue specificity of senescent cell accumulation during physiologic and accelerated aging of mice","volume":"19","author":"Yousefzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901407","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.901407","article-title":"Mapping glucose uptake, transport and metabolism in the Bovine lens cortex","volume":"13","author":"Zahraei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04801-6","article-title":"NDRG2 promotes lens epithelial cells senescence via NLRP3\/Caspase1-Mediated pyroptosis","volume":"196","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e923391","DOI":"10.12659\/msmbr.923391","article-title":"Metformin prevents H2O2-Induced senescence in human lens epithelial B3 cells","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit. Basic Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13486","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13486","article-title":"Novel small molecule inhibition of IKK\/NF-\u03baB activation reduces markers of senescence and improves healthspan in mouse models of aging","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.09.051","article-title":"AQP5 deficiency promotes the senescence of lens epithelial cells through mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"680","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16350","article-title":"Targeting cellular senescence with senotherapeutics: senolytics and senomorphics","volume":"290","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Febs J."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2004663","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004663","article-title":"Development of novel NEMO-binding domain mimetics for inhibiting IKK\/NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.06.004","article-title":"A comprehensive spatial-temporal transcriptomic analysis of differentiating nascent mouse lens epithelial and fiber cells","volume":"175","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1855662","article-title":"Protective effects of nicotinamide riboside on H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage in lens epithelial cells","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12344","article-title":"The Achilles' heel of senescent cells: from transcriptome to senolytic drugs","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.11.002","article-title":"A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human skin aging","volume":"56","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1758898\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:00:15Z","timestamp":1772607615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1758898\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":143,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2026.1758898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1758898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"article-number":"1758898"}}