{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:28:53Z","timestamp":1774510133815,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Heat shock protein Gp96 (also known as Grp94 or endoplasmin) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident paralog of the Hsp90 family and a central regulator of ER proteostasis and immune receptor biogenesis in mammalian cells. By controlling the folding, quality control, and trafficking of a restricted yet functionally critical set of client proteins, including Toll-like receptors, integrins, and immunoglobulins, Gp96 plays an essential role in innate immunity and inflammatory signaling. In the context of malaria, accumulating evidence suggests that host-derived Gp96 is involved in immune activation and disease severity, notably through its extracellular release under conditions of cellular stress, where it functions as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Elevated circulating Gp96 levels have been associated with severe malaria phenotypes, supporting its potential value as a biomarker of host stress and immune dysregulation. In parallel,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    expresses its own ER-resident Hsp90 homolog, PfGp96, which retains the conserved domain architecture of Hsp90 while exhibiting parasite-specific adaptations, including divergence in ER retention motifs. However, the biological functions, client repertoire, and essentiality of PfGp96 remain poorly defined, and direct evidence supporting its validation as a drug target is currently limited. This review critically synthesizes current knowledge on Gp96 and PfGp96, emphasizing experimentally validated functions, host-parasite interface dynamics, and unresolved knowledge gaps. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of targeting Gp96-related pathways for biomarker development and therapeutic intervention in malaria, while outlining key priorities for future functional and translational research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1760166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:24:08Z","timestamp":1774502648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heat shock protein Gp96 (Grp94) in malaria: functional insights at the host-parasite interface and therapeutic perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Djibaba","family":"Djoumoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliqu\u00e9es & Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels (LE3PI), \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar","place":["Dakar, Senegal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abou Abdallah Malick","family":"Diouara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliqu\u00e9es & Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels (LE3PI), \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar","place":["Dakar, Senegal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliqu\u00e9es & Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels (LE3PI), \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar","place":["Dakar, Senegal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheikh Momar","family":"Nguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliqu\u00e9es & Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels (LE3PI), \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar","place":["Dakar, Senegal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babacar","family":"Mbengue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, de Pharmacie et d\u2019Odontostomatologie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta DIOP","place":["Dakar, Senegal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatou","family":"Thiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliqu\u00e9es & Bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9s Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Industriels (LE3PI), \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar","place":["Dakar, Senegal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17829-7","article-title":"Analysis of erythrocyte signalling pathways during Plasmodium falciparum infection identifies targets for host-directed antimalarial intervention","volume":"11","author":"Adderley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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