{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:12:54Z","timestamp":1791216774994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelet derivatives have become a central strategy in regenerative medicine due to their capacity to concentrate autologous signals that initiate and coordinate tissue repair. These materials function as transient regulators of the cellular microenvironment, shaping immune\u2013stromal interactions, cell migration, differentiation programs, and extracellular matrix organization. However, terms such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) encompass an ecosystem of preparations with considerable variability in composition, physical form, and biological performance. This heterogeneity, driven by differences in centrifugation parameters, anticoagulants, activation methods, tube types, and patient characteristics, explains inconsistent results across studies and hinders evidence consolidation. This mini-review discusses platelet derivatives along three axes: (i) their biological foundations and functional differences at the cellular and tissue microenvironment level among product families (PRP, PRF, formulations with modified plasma fractions, and human platelet lysate); (ii) how preparation variables impact reproducibility and interpretation of evidence; and (iii) current trends toward standardization, including classification systems, minimum reporting checklists, and dose\/potency frameworks such as DEPA (Dose, Efficiency, Purity, Activation). Practical elements for minimum reporting are outlined to reduce product bias and enable cross-study comparisons. Ultimately, aligning study design with biological mechanisms and clinical indications through rational outcome selection will be essential to evaluate platelet derivatives as contemporary regenerative interventions with defined products, measurable quality, and clinically significant outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1770953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:32:21Z","timestamp":1774935141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of platelet derivatives in regenerative medicine: biological foundations and translational perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Carlos Fernando","family":"Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gutemberg Gomes","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Institute, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense","place":["Niter\u00f3i, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEA.2021.0113","article-title":"A standardized g-Force allows the preparation of similar platelet-rich fibrin qualities regardless of rotor angle","volume":"28","author":"Al-Maawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399130","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1399130","article-title":"Immunoregulatory role of platelet derivatives in the macrophage-mediated immune response","volume":"15","author":"Anitua","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3366-3_6","article-title":"Flow cytometry analysis of IL-1 receptors and toll-like receptors on platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"2700","author":"Anselmo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.81.Bjr-2018-0164.R1","article-title":"Platelet lysates from aged donors promote human tenocyte proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner","volume":"8","author":"Berger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Jt. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70155","article-title":"Beyond transfusion: platelet-Derived therapeutic products as a new frontier for blood establishments and transfusion medicine","volume":"121","author":"Burnouf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12550","article-title":"Differences between first- and second-generation autologous platelet concentrates","volume":"97","author":"Calciolari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14100503","article-title":"The effects of platelet-rich fibrin in the behavior of mineralizing cells related to bone tissue Regeneration-A scoping review of in vitro evidence","volume":"14","author":"de Lima Barbosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7914","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147914","article-title":"Profound properties of protein-rich, platelet-rich plasma matrices as novel, multi-purpose biological platforms in tissue repair, regeneration, and wound healing","volume":"25","author":"Everts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1717455","article-title":"Biological characterization of an injectable platelet-rich fibrin mixture consisting of autologous albumin gel and liquid platelet-rich fibrin (Alb-PRF)","volume":"32","author":"Fujioka-Kobayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1775188","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility and biodegradation of a new denatured plasma membrane combined with liquid PRF (Alb-PRF)","volume":"32","author":"Gheno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211755","article-title":"The well-forgotten old: platelet-rich plasma in modern anti-aging therapy","volume":"13","author":"Gorodilova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14100505","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the use of Alb-PRF versus L-PRF in mandibular third molar extractions: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Javid","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7030082","article-title":"The platelet concentrates therapy: from the biased past to the anticipated future","volume":"7","author":"Kawase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioeng. (Basel)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.335825","article-title":"Role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499029","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2499029","article-title":"The emerging roles of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in disease","volume":"57","author":"Lou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000060","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000060","article-title":"DEPA classification: a proposal for standardising PRP use and a retrospective application of available devices","volume":"2","author":"Magalon","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1832653","article-title":"Technical and biological review of authorized medical devices for platelets-rich plasma preparation in the field of regenerative medicine","volume":"32","author":"Magalon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131797","article-title":"Maxillary sinus augmentation using autologous platelet concentrates (Platelet-Rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, and concentrated growth factor) combined with bone graft: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Malcangi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-016-0052-4","article-title":"Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)","volume":"2","author":"Masuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2016.1265924","article-title":"Platelet microvesicles in health and disease","volume":"28","author":"Melki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01299-w","article-title":"Evaluation of 24 protocols for the production of platelet-rich fibrin","volume":"20","author":"Miron","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02981-2","article-title":"Comparison of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) produced using 3 commercially available centrifuges at both high (\u223c700 G) and low (\u223c200 g) relative centrifugation forces","volume":"24","author":"Miron","year":"","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12537","article-title":"Extended platelet-rich fibrin","volume":"94","author":"Miron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70013","article-title":"Thirty years of autologous platelet concentrates: from platelet-rich plasma to platelet-rich fibrin","author":"Miron","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.22038\/abjs.2021.52770.2614","article-title":"Orthobiologics: current role in orthopedic surgery and traumatology","volume":"10","author":"Moreno-Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/gfsc.gfsc_21_18","article-title":"Characterization of a new membrane from concentrated growth factors associated with denaturized albumin (Alb-CGF) for clinical applications: a preliminary study","volume":"1","author":"Mour\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Growth Factors Stem Cells Dent."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12605","article-title":"L-PRF in extra-oral wound care","volume":"97","author":"Pinto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ada83f","article-title":"Current trends in the design and fabrication of PRP-Based scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"20","author":"\u015eeker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1530\/eor-2025-0069","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on orthobiologics","volume":"10","author":"Winkler","year":"2025","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1770953\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:32:22Z","timestamp":1774935142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1770953\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2026.1770953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1770953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"article-number":"1770953"}}