{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T07:11:43Z","timestamp":1773645103641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein ubiquitination is one type of post-translational modification that can alter many properties of the protein\u2014stability, activity, subcellular location, binding affinity for other proteins, etc. It has been involved in almost all life activities, including immune response regulation, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and protein degradation. Moreover, it is associated with many kinds of disease, such as neurodegenerative diseases, various tumors, immune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Recent reports revealed that protein ubiquitination plays a key role in the breast cancer (BC) immune evasion. \u201cImmune evasion\u201d refers to the ability of tumor cells\/pathogens to evade recognition and attack by the immune system through different mechanisms; it includes three interconnected processes: \u201cimmune editing,\u201d \u201cantigenic variation,\u201d and \u201cimmunosuppressive molecules expression.\u201d These three points lead to the difficulty for the body to clear the transformed cells\/pathogens promptly. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of protein ubiquitination in breast cancer immune evasion and explore new strategies targeting protein ubiquitination to combat BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1795272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T06:39:52Z","timestamp":1773643192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in protein ubiquitination modification and immune evasion of breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangdong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108684","article-title":"Double hit strategy: removal of sialic acid from the dendritic cell surface and loading with CD44+\/CD24-\/low cell lysate inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting breast cancer stem cells","volume":"107","author":"Acikgoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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