{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1780038136592,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune dysregulation is implicated in pregnancy complications, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to identify immune-related genes and characterize immune cell infiltration in GDM placentas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>mRNA transcript expression profiles were retrieved from the GSE70493 dataset and integrated with immune-related genes (IRGs) extracted from the ImmPort database. Differentially expressed immune-related genes (DIRGs) were identified, followed by functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and immune infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT. Expression of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort (50 GDM, 50 Non-GDM). Effect sizes (Cohen\u2019s d) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven DIRGs were identified between GDM pregnancies and normal pregnancies without maternal complications. GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in processes such as adaptive immune response, humoral immune response, immunoglobulin complex, and antigen binding. KEGG pathway analysis indicated enrichment in the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and cytokine\u2212cytokine receptor interaction. In the discovery dataset (after correction for technical replicates: n = 30 GDM, n = 25 Non-GDM), CXCL9 was significantly downregulated in GDM (log\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      FC = \u22120.62; Cohen\u2019s d = \u22120.718, 95% CI: \u20131.27 to \u22120.166; p = 0.021), while IL1RL1 showed no significant difference (p = 0.053). In the independent validation cohort, both CXCL9 and IL1RL1 were significantly downregulated by qRT-PCR and IHC (p &amp;lt; 0.05). GDM placentas showed increased monocytes and macrophages M1, and decreased resting NK cells and T cells (p &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CXCL9 and IL1RL1 are associated with immune dysregulation in GDM, as supported by external validation. However, the discovery dataset did not support their use as diagnostic biomarkers. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify their roles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1803128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:09:19Z","timestamp":1780034959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune dysregulation in gestational diabetes mellitus: placental downregulation of CXCL9 and IL1RL1 and altered immune cell infiltration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhimei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuna","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Quanzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701552","article-title":"The synergy between palmitate and TNF-\u03b1 for CCL2 production is dependent on the TRIF\/IRF3 pathway: implications for metabolic inflammation","volume":"200","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606056","article-title":"CXCL9 induces chemotaxis, chemorepulsion and endothelial barrier disruption through CXCR3-mediated activation of melanoma cells","volume":"104","author":"Amatschek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-s202","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Barbour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1304","article-title":"Pancreatic \u03b2-Cell production of CXCR3 ligands precedes diabetes onset","volume":"42","author":"Burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.17925\/ee.2024.20.1.5","article-title":"The placental role in gestational diabetes mellitus: a molecular perspective","volume":"20","author":"Calvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"touchREVIEWS Endocrinol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.07.020","article-title":"Hyperglycemia induces inflammatory mediators in the human chorionic villous","volume":"111","author":"Corr\u00eaa-Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-019-00421-2","article-title":"Serum concentration of angiogenic (CXCL1, CXCL12) and angiostasis (CXCL9, CXCL10) CXC chemokines are differentially altered in normal and gestational diabetes mellitus associated pregnancies","volume":"18","author":"Darakhshan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes and Metabolic Disord."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes:standards of care in Diabetes\u20142024","volume":"47","author":"ElSayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14267","article-title":"Endogenous CXCL9 affects prognosis by regulating tumor\u2010infiltrating natural killer cells in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"111","author":"Fukuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12854","article-title":"Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investigation"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/285948","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of exercise in gestational diabetes","volume":"2013","author":"Golbidi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metabolism"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3349","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3349","article-title":"An extra virgin olive oil\u2010enriched diet improves maternal, placental, and cord blood parameters in GDM pregnancies","volume":"36","author":"Gomez Ribot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Res. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00475","article-title":"The ST2\/IL-33 axis in immune cells during inflammatory diseases","volume":"8","author":"Griesenauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01800-z","article-title":"Global burden of early pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM): a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Hannah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R711","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00310.2010","article-title":"Maternal obesity and fetal metabolic programming: a fertile epigenetic soil","volume":"299","author":"Heerwagen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory, Integr. Comp. Physiology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-19-1868","article-title":"Macrophage-derived CXCL9 and CXCL10 are required for antitumor immune responses following immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"26","author":"House","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D029546","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids activate TLR-mediated proinflammatory signaling pathways","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab657","article-title":"Decreased monocyte count is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus development, macrosomia, and inflammation","volume":"107","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. and Metabolism"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi7337","volume-title":"Lachnospiraceae-Derived Butyrate Mediates Protection of High Fermentable Fiber Against Placental Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","author":"Huang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065243","article-title":"High glucose promotes inflammation and weakens placental defenses against E. coli and S. agalactiae infection: protective role of insulin and metformin","volume":"24","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Escutia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8026","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218026","article-title":"Sex specific expression of interleukin 7, 8 and 15 in placentas of women with gestational diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Keckstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Journal Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0715-9","article-title":"Impact of systemic inflammation on the progression of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Lekva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Diab Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2019.101020","article-title":"A global perspective on the crosstalk between saturated fatty acids and toll-like receptor 4 in the etiology of inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22152","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000022152","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus in women increased the risk of neonatal infection via inflammation and autophagy in the placenta","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112801","article-title":"MIG\/CXCL9 exacerbates the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by disrupting Treg\/Th17 balance","volume":"407","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.95","article-title":"Interleukin-33 in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Liew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705852","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.705852","article-title":"Chemokines in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111019","article-title":"Behenic acid alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus by regulating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02176-y","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus: genetic factors, epigenetic alterations, and microbial composition","volume":"61","author":"Liz\u00e1rraga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12810","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12810","article-title":"Impaired treg and NK cells profile in overweight women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"79","author":"Lobo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Reproductive Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.02.018","article-title":"Interleukin-33 prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice","volume":"70","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23491","article-title":"Protective effect of nimbolide against streptozotocin induced gestational diabetes mellitus in rats via alteration of inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1430","article-title":"Low concentration of Interleukin-1\u03b2 induces FLICE-inhibitory protein\u2013mediated \u03b2-Cell proliferation in human pancreatic islets","volume":"55","author":"Maedler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084261","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal immune dysregulation: what we know So far","volume":"22","author":"McElwain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076267","article-title":"Antiretrovirals promote insulin resistance in HepG2 liver cells through miRNA regulation and transcriptional activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"24","author":"Mohan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2013075","article-title":"Placental infiltration of inflammatory markers in gestational diabetic women","volume":"33","author":"Mrizak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2010.01089.x","article-title":"Review: the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in neuroimmunity - a tale of conflict and conundrum","volume":"36","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropathology Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxae010","article-title":"Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus increases subclinical inflammation mediated in part by obesity","volume":"216","author":"Musumeci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14100551","article-title":"Metabolic and immune parameters in pregnant women with impaired glucose metabolism\u2014A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Omazi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690484","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.690484","article-title":"Molecular insulin actions are sexually dimorphic in lipid metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Ortiz-Huidobro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174884","article-title":"HM-chromanone attenuates TNF-\u03b1-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance by controlling JNK activation and NF-\u03baB pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"921","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3B","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.01.034","article-title":"The biology of ST2: the international ST2 consensus panel","volume":"115","author":"Pascual-Figal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02646","article-title":"IL-33 prevents MLD-STZ induction of diabetes and attenuate insulitis in prediabetic NOD mice","volume":"9","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-018-0464-4","article-title":"A network map of IL-33 signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113342","article-title":"The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Plows","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.03.029","article-title":"Inflammasomes and metabolic disorders: old genes in modern diseases","volume":"54","author":"Robbins Gregory","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9429760","article-title":"IL-33 effect on quantitative changes of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+Regulatory T cells in children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"2016","author":"Ryba-Stanis\u0142awowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758267","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.758267","article-title":"Immunobiology of gestational diabetes mellitus in post-medawar era","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4615-1","article-title":"A proinflammatory CD4+ T cell phenotype in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"61","author":"Sheu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1159\/000447798","article-title":"Palmitate-induced MMP-9 expression in the human monocytic cells is mediated through the TLR4-MyD88 dependent mechanism","volume":"39","author":"Sindhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiology Biochem."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.07.009","article-title":"Diabetes during pregnancy influences hofbauer cells, a subtype of placental macrophages, to acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype","volume":"1832","author":"Sisino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00825-0","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of gestational diabetes","volume":"404","author":"Sweeting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0546-z","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: estimation of global and regional gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence for 2021 by international association of diabetes in pregnancy study group\u2019s criteria","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115688","article-title":"Protective effect of soy isolate protein against streptozotocin induced gestational diabetes mellitus via TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0519","article-title":"Elevated glucose and diabetes promote Interleukin-12 cytokine gene expression in mouse macrophages","volume":"147","author":"Wen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.193","article-title":"Oncogenic CXCL10 signalling drives metastasis development and poor clinical outcome","volume":"113","author":"Wightman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e067946","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067946","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202400053","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.202400053","article-title":"Reduction of chemokine CXCL9 expression by Omega-3 fatty acids via ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 in MIN6 insulin-producing cells","volume":"25","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-013-1187-7","article-title":"Assessment of the number and function of macrophages in the placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"33","author":"You","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.12.023","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and ST2 signaling control diabetes induction with multiple low doses of streptozotocin","volume":"47","author":"Zdravkovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11409","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111409","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus-induced inflammation in the placenta via IL-1\u03b2 and toll-like receptor pathways","volume":"25","author":"Zgutka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826053","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.826053","article-title":"Regulation and fFunction of cChemokines at the maternal\u2013fMaternal\u2013Fetal iInterface.pdf","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1803128\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:09:22Z","timestamp":1780034962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1803128\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2026.1803128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1803128","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"article-number":"1803128"}}