{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:53:13Z","timestamp":1781779993147,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NINDS 2 R15 NS060099-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NINDS 2 R15 NS060099-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF 2128646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 2128646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myelin is one of the most important features of the vertebrate nervous system, formed by glial cells. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells produce myelin. While much is known about the molecules and processes involved in mammalian myelination, little is known about it in other vertebrate groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we examined myelin development in the peripheral nerves of the turtle Trachemys scripta using qPCR, RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and TEM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that in T. scripta, myelination begins during the late stages of embryonic development and continues beyond hatching. Expression profiles reveal both conservation and divergence of core myelination components between mammals and amphibians; however, direct gene-level comparisons across species require further investigation given our small sample size<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The upregulation of orthologous myelin genes in the turtle PNS supports the idea that these components are conserved, although their timing, regulation, or network structure may differ across tetrapods. We based our inference of conservation on orthology and the coordinated expression of key myelin genes (e.g., ErbB2, Mag, Mpz, Mbp, Pmp22) in T. scripta. TEM analysis of turtle sciatic nerves shows myelin rings in a few axons starting at stage 21, increasing significantly by stage 24, and becoming prominent in most axons of the adult nerve. Furthermore, antibodies against MPZ, DRP2, and Kv1.1 indicate that T. scripta adult peripheral nerves at various axial levels contain myelin segments with structures consistent with appositions and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. Overall, this is the first study of PNS myelin development in a reptile, demonstrating that myelination is a highly conserved process in vertebrates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1810247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:14:21Z","timestamp":1781777661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Myelin development in the peripheral nervous system of Trachemys scripta"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Lara-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas (CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","place":["Toluca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, MC8303, California State University Northridge","place":["Northridge, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"van der Plas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, MC8303, California State University Northridge","place":["Northridge, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas (CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","place":["Toluca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monserrat","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas (CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","place":["Toluca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas (CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","place":["Toluca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Avi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas (CICBA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","place":["Toluca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo Daniel","family":"\u00c1vila-Avil\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Conjunto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Sustentable (CCIQS), UAEM-UNAM","place":["Toluca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Ruhwedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy-City Campus, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences-City Campus","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Mobius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy-City Campus, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences-City Campus","place":["G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"de Bellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, MC8303, California State University Northridge","place":["Northridge, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1007009613484","article-title":"Myelinating schwann cells determine the internodal localization of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kvbeta2, and caspr","volume":"28","author":"Arroyo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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