{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:02:19Z","timestamp":1780038139505,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastatic breast cancer is incurable, associated with poor outcomes, and expected to increase in both incidence and cost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of retrospectively ascertained time-to-event outcomes within a cross-sectional genomic dataset linked to medical and self-reported patient data from the Count Me In: The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project (CMI-MBCProject), available through dbGaP (phs001709.v1.p1). Whole-exome sequencing data derived from saliva samples were bioinformatically processed, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 50 previously identified metastasis-related genes were selected for analysis. Multivariable-adjusted gamma regression models were used to test associations between SNPs and time to metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample included 63 female participants, with the majority between the ages of 31 and 40 years (n = 29, 46.0%), non-Hispanic (n = 59, 93.7%), and White (n = 55, 87.3%). Time to metastasis was fully observed and right-skewed, with a mean of 732.6 \u00b1 1054.3 days and median of 132.0 days (IQR: 6.0\u20131018.0). Twenty-three unique genes (58 variants) met the initial screening threshold of p &amp;lt; 0.10. Of these,\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL12<\/jats:italic>\n                      rs266091 and\n                      <jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic>\n                      rs1803622 remained significant after false discovery rate correction (q &amp;lt; 0.05), with rs266091 also meeting the more stringent Bonferroni-adjusted threshold. Sensitivity analyses using accelerated failure time Weibull models confirmed the primary findings for both variants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analysis identified\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL12<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic>\n                      as promising candidate genes associated with variation in metastatic progression timing. These findings support further investigation into whether genetic risk information could inform targeted surveillance and precision nursing care.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1832248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:09:51Z","timestamp":1780034991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic insights into the timing of metastasis: a secondary analysis of the Count Me In metastatic breast cancer cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"G. M.","family":"Gehling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Florida","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]},{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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