{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:06:12Z","timestamp":1789110372871,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrioventricular block (AVB) represents a prevalent form of bradyarrhythmia in the pediatric population, broadly classified into congenital and acquired subtypes. Historically, the underlying mechanisms of AVB were predominantly attributed to structural cardiac anomalies, maternal autoantibody-mediated inflammatory processes, and pharmacological agents; however, the contribution of genetic factors remained largely underexplored. With the advent and progressive refinement of genetic sequencing technologies, a growing repertoire of arrhythmia-associated genes has been systematically identified. In this review, we comprehensively examine the genetic determinants implicated in pediatric AVB, encompassing genes encoding cardiac ion channels, including SCN5A, KCNQ1\/KCNJ2 (KCN family), KCNH2 (HERG), TRPM4, and HCN4, as well as genes governing cardiac structural integrity (GJA5\/GJA1, ZO-1, NKX2-5, TBX3\/TBX5, HAND1\/HAND2, and ID family members), metabolic regulation (PRKAG2, PPARA, and LAMP2), and immune-mediated pathways (TRIM21\/TROVE2 and HLA class II loci). The genetic architecture underlying pediatric AVB demonstrates considerable complexity, characterized by notable genotypic heterogeneity and \u201cmulti-phenotypic\u201d expressivity, wherein distinct mutations within a single gene may manifest across a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Collectively, these findings establish a molecular framework for elucidating the pathogenesis of AVB, while simultaneously offering valuable insights to inform clinical diagnosis, facilitate precision-based intervention strategies, and guide the development of targeted therapeutic modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1845520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1789107516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic loci responsible for atrioventricular block in children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33119","article-title":"Risk of QTc prolongation among cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"147","author":"Abu Rmilah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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