{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:04:15Z","timestamp":1780985055405,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a pivotal role in bovine reproduction by mediating communication between gametes, the developing embryo, and the maternal reproductive tract. These vesicles act as carriers of bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs, mRNAs, lipids, and proteins that regulate processes from gametogenesis to early pregnancy. The embryo-maternal dialogue, mediated by EVs, shapes the oviductal and uterine microenvironments, ensuring proper fertilization, embryonic development, and implantation. However,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    systems often lack the complexity of\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions, resulting in reduced embryo quality and developmental competence. This review summarizes recent findings on EV-mediated mechanisms of intercellular communication during the pre-implantation stages and discusses current challenges and emerging opportunities in developing\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    models that more closely replicate physiological conditions within the bovine reproductive tract. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for improving reproductive efficiency and outcomes in cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1846335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:42:13Z","timestamp":1780983733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracellular vesicles in bovine reproduction: their journey from gametogenesis to pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yulia N.","family":"Cajas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Technical University of Loja (UTPL)","place":["Loja, Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane","family":"Mazzarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich","place":["Lindau, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Mill\u00e1n de la Blanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliano Coelho","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FZEA-USP)","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Lima Verde-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FZEA-USP)","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Encina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Rizos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Ca\u00f1\u00f3n-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas y Ambientales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador","place":["Ibarra, Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.10.005","article-title":"Embryo-maternal communication mediated by extracellular vesicles in the early stages of embryonic development is modified by in vitro conditions","volume":"214","author":"Aguilera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80181","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080181","article-title":"Expression and secretion of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 4a (PMCA4a) during murine estrus: association with oviductal exosomes and uptake in sperm","volume":"8","author":"Al-Dossary","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1071\/RD19058","article-title":"Oviduct fluid extracellular vesicles regulate polyspermy during porcine in vitro fertilisation","volume":"32","author":"Alc\u00e2ntara-Neto","year":"","journal-title":"Reprod. 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