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Non-muscle myosin II (NMII) consists of three members, NMIIA, NMIIB, and NMIIC, which are positioned at the downstream end of numerous signaling pathways and plays a central role in cell adhesion, migration, and division. During cell division, NMII serves as the primary protein that generates mechanical force. It participates not only in cell rounding from prophase to metaphase but also interacts with actin to assemble a contractile ring during late stages, which then contracts to split the mother cell into two daughter cells. Loss of NMII function may result in cell division failure and consequently tetraploidy. Subsequent division of tetraploid cells can generate aneuploidy, which is closely associated with tumorigenesis as shown in many studies. In this review, we will discuss the roles of NMII throughout the entire cell division cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1852038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1787213016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research progress on the function of non-muscle myosin II during cell division"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Health, Hangzhou Polytechnic University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2018.01.007","article-title":"Actin, microtubule, septin and ESCRT filament remodeling during late steps of cytokinesis","volume":"50","author":"Addi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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