{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:53:59Z","timestamp":1781589239894,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of immune, metabolic, and neuroinflammatory processes, exerting significant influence on central nervous system (CNS) function via the gut-brain axis. Growing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis not only precedes and worsens stroke severity but is also induced by stroke itself, establishing a bidirectional and self-reinforcing pathological loop. Microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives, modulate the activation states of microglial and border-associated macrophage (BAMs), thereby shaping neuroinflammatory responses and tissue repair mechanisms. Although microglia have been extensively studied in this context, the role of BAMs-particularly perivascular-macrophages remains comparatively underexplored, despite their critical involvement in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and immune surveillance. In addition, dietary patterns strongly influence microbiota composition and, consequently, immune responses within the CNS. Collectively, these findings position gut microbiota as a dynamic regulator of brain-resident immune cells in stroke and highlight diet- and microbiota-targeted interventions as promising therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1854765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:37:14Z","timestamp":1781588234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The gut\u2013brain axis: mechanisms linking intestinal dysbiosis with stroke"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Tom\u00e1s","family":"Garrido Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tornero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1142036","article-title":"Triggering akkermansia with dietary polyphenols: a new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome?","volume":"7","author":"Anh\u00ea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683241252608","article-title":"Relationship between the gut microbiota and neurological deficits in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029262","article-title":"Distinct commensal bacterial signature in the gut is associated with acute and long-term protection from ischemic stroke","volume":"51","author":"Benakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/GUT.2010.226779","article-title":"The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis: learning from intestinal bacteria?","volume":"60","author":"Bercik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IT.2024.11.012","article-title":"Brain macrophages in vascular health and dysfunction","volume":"46","author":"Bijnen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250233","DOI":"10.1002\/EJI.202250233;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","article-title":"Macrophage and monocyte subsets in response to ischemic stroke","volume":"53","author":"Blank-Stein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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