{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:54:55Z","timestamp":1781848495516,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for a wide range of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary diseases. However, their clinical application remains limited by an incomplete understanding of underlying mechanisms and heterogeneous therapeutic outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in MSC-based therapies for biliary system diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis, intrahepatic biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis, biliary atresia, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cholangiocarcinoma. 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