{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:26:52Z","timestamp":1787048812384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>TXNL1 (thioredoxin-like protein 1), a member of the thioredoxin superfamily, integrates thioredoxin oxidoreductase activity with molecular chaperone function. Through its N-terminal TRX domain and C-terminal PITH domain, TXNL1 not only helps maintain cellular redox homeostasis but also prevents toxic aggregation of oxidatively damaged proteins. Consequently, TXNL1 acts as a critical buffer in the cellular defense against oxidative stress and in protein quality control. TXNL1 is widely expressed across diverse tissues, and its dysregulation is closely associated with multiple pathological conditions, including chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer, poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, arsenic-induced malignant transformation of bronchial epithelial cells, and ischemic as well as traumatic injuries of the central nervous system. TXNL1 undergoes degradation through both canonical ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent mechanisms. This review summarizes the discovery, molecular architecture, expression patterns, physiological functions, and disease-related research progress of TXNL1, and discusses its potential clinical applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1876585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:44:26Z","timestamp":1787046266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TXNL1 in redox and protein quality control: mechanisms and disease relevance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency\/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Chengdu Hi-Tech Zong Hospital for Women and Children","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency\/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Chengdu Hi-Tech Zong Hospital for Women and Children","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongqiong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency\/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Chengdu Hi-Tech Zong Hospital for Women and Children","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14091142","article-title":"Beyond antioxidants: how redox pathways shape cellular signaling and disease outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Alhaj Sulaiman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15246","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900016200","article-title":"Thioredoxin Txnl1\/TRP32 is a redox-active cofactor of the 26 S proteasome","volume":"284","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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