{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1789452265673,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have been suggested as a potential treatment option for females with lipedema, due to their superiority in reducing pain, possibly through improvements in insulin dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this secondary analysis was to compare changes in markers of glucose and insulin dynamics after a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat low-energy diets in females with lipedema and obesity. A secondary objective was to investigate potential associations between changes in glucose and insulin dynamics and changes in pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Females with obesity and lipedema were randomized to either an LCD or a low-fat low-energy diets (1200\u00a0kcal\/day for both; 75 vs. 180\u00a0g carbohydrates\/day) for 8 weeks. Basal and postprandial (total and incremental area under the curve (tAUC and iAUC)) concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and C-peptide were measured before and after the intervention, and HOMA-IR, Matsuda index and insulin clearance calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 70 females (35 in each group, age 47 \u00b1 11 years, BMI 37 \u00b1 5\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were included in the analysis. Both groups lost body weight, but with a significantly greater weight loss in the LCD group. Both groups showed ed a reduction in basal glucose, C-peptide, and insulin concentrations, with a greater reduction in glucose on the LCD. A significant increase in glucose iAUC, C-peptide iAUC, insulin clearance, and Matsuda index was observed in the LCD group only. Both groups experienced an increase in GIP tAUC, as well as a reduction in HOMA-IR, with no significant differences between groups. No associations were seen between changes in glucose and insulin measures and changes in pain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both diets improved insulin dynamics in females with lipedema and obesity, despite additional benefits in the LCD group. However, changes in the measured indices of insulin dynamics were not associated with pain reduction, suggesting that the effects of the LCD on pain and systemic metabolic regulation may involve other pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1893868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:33:56Z","timestamp":1789450436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glucose and insulin dynamics following low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets in females with lipedema and obesity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Julianne","family":"Lundanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital","place":["Namsos, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Sofie","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition, University of Bergen","place":["Bergen, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Nitter","family":"Dankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen","place":["Bergen, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Juul","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen","place":["Copenhagen, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)","place":["Birmingham, AL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siren","family":"Nymo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital","place":["Namsos, Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]},{"name":"Regional Center of obesity Research and Innovation, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital","place":["Trondheim, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaf203","article-title":"Current evidence-based clinical nutritional approaches in lipedema: a scoping review","volume":"84","author":"Atabilen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr. 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