{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:19:30Z","timestamp":1787559570999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic, bioaccumulative heavy metal increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. This review systemically characterizes the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd-induced neurotoxicity, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress-mediated pathways that initiate interconnected processes including ferroptosis, mitochondrial impairment, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and chronic neuroinflammation. Evidence indicates that Cd exerts both convergent and disease-specific effects in neurodegenerative conditions. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Cd exposure has been associated with enhanced amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) deposition and increased tau hyperphosphorylation. In Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), Cd disrupts metabolic homeostasis via the gut\u2013liver\u2013brain axis and promotes aberrant conformational changes and aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-Syn). Within the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013frontotemporal dementia (ALS\u2013FTD) spectrum, Cd contributes to TDP-43 proteinopathy and impairs nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting Cd-induced neurotoxicity are also explored, including upstream approaches like metal chelation and downstream interventions aimed at restoring autophagic flux, modulating the neuroimmune microenvironment, and enhancing neuronal repair. Although emerging platforms such as brain organoids provide valuable mechanistic insights, translating findings from\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    models to real-world chronic exposure scenarios remains a significant challenge. This review provides a comprehensive framework for the development of early-warning systems and precision-based interventions for Cd-related neurodegeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1899381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:34:57Z","timestamp":1787556897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurotoxic mechanisms of cadmium in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiren","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingliu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan Vocational College of Agriculture","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of International Studies, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Precision Therapy, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center","place":["Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18432-0","article-title":"Gallic and ascorbic acids supplementation alleviate cognitive deficits and neuropathological damage exerted by cadmium chloride in wistar rats","volume":"12","author":"Adebiyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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