{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:46:00Z","timestamp":1785735960304,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regenerative medicine, characterized by breakthroughs in stem cell technology, cell-free therapies, and tissue engineering, holds immense promise for treating various diseases. However, along with the encouraging advancements in translational and clinical research, emerging evidence has demonstrated a potential risk of developing instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIRs) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) with the intravascular delivery of cellular products that do not naturally come into contact with blood. Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, plays a pivotal role in these processes. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the biological properties and multifaceted functions of TF in both health and disease. By understanding its physiological and pathological roles, we discuss the implications of TF for IBMIR and VTE in patients receiving cell therapy and extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy. VTEs, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, might have life-threatening consequences. During IBMIR, the recipient\u2019s innate immune cells and humoral coagulation factors drive a hyperacute thromboinflammatory response that traps the infused products, leading to rapid intravascular clearance and compromised therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, we introduce transplantation protocols that demonstrate prevention and monitoring strategies for TF-induced negative effects. Given the increasing complexity of clinical studies and the diverse applications of cell-based therapies, mitigating TF-induced thrombosis is crucial for safer and more effective treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1911520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:30:31Z","timestamp":1785735031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue factor and regenerative medicine: shaping cell and extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Van T.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Innovation Health Sciences, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quyen Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Innovation Health Sciences, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc Son","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Anh Thi","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liem Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Innovation Health Sciences, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Vinmec International Hospital","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-020-01611-7","article-title":"Activation of \u03b21 integrins and caveolin-1 by TF\/FVIIa promotes IGF-1R signaling and cell survival","volume":"25","author":"\u00c5berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02953-6","article-title":"Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 (phase I clinical trial): safety profile assessment","volume":"13","author":"Aghayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell. 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