{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:24:57Z","timestamp":1787297097166,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a frequent and serious cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) typically presents with an asymptomatic onset during its initial phase, followed by gradual worsening over time. Currently, no universally accepted and effective DCM-specific targeted therapeutic strategy is available. Recently, nanotechnology has gained recognition as a viable strategy to address the shortcomings of traditional treatments, leveraging its size-dependent effects, large specific surface area, and ability to integrate multiple functions. This article presents a structured summary of recent developments regarding nanoparticle utilization for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in DCM. First, from a functional perspective, we analyze the core advantages of nanoparticles in improving pharmacokinetic profiles, enhancing drug stability and bioavailability, facilitating targeted myocardial delivery, enabling pathological microenvironment-responsive release, and constructing theranostic platforms. Second, according to material type, we discuss the current research status and the operational mechanisms of different nanocarrier systems\u2014including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles\u2014in antifibrotic therapy, antioxidation intervention, regulation of energy metabolism, and early diagnostic assessment. Finally, based on current limitations and successful experience from other cardiovascular diseases we outline future directions, including biomimetic design, upgraded targeting strategies, diversified administration routes, safety evaluation, and combined applications with hydrogels or myocardial patches. Although nanotechnology has shown promising potential in animal models of DCM, clinical translation still requires continued breakthroughs in material innovation, quality control, and long-term safety validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1912847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:00:41Z","timestamp":1787295641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in the application of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Metabolic Vascular Diseases","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Metabolic Vascular Diseases","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongzhe","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Metabolic Vascular Diseases","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Metabolic Vascular Diseases","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.04.039","article-title":"The potential effect of garlic extract and curcumin nanoparticles against complication accompanied with experimentally induced diabetes in rats","volume":"43","author":"Abdel-Mageid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c00676","article-title":"Luminescence \u201cTurn-On\u201d sensing of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - dilated cardiomyopathy biomarker based on the MoS2Nanosheet quenched terbium citrate complex","volume":"7","author":"Abraham","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Applied Bio Materials"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2019.02.012","article-title":"Strategies in the design of endosomolytic agents for facilitating endosomal escape in nanoparticles","volume":"160","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416835","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2024.2416835","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of liposomal resveratrol in diabetic rats: unveiling antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits","volume":"29","author":"Alanazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050673","article-title":"The promise of nanotechnology in personalized medicine","volume":"12","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.130009","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"1231","author":"Aljabali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.09.083","article-title":"Administration of resveratrol: what formulation solutions to bioavailability limitations?","volume":"158","author":"Amri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.04.013","article-title":"Comparative study of cardio-protective effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"42","author":"Asri-Rezaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-016-2274-6","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of sygyzium cumini nanoparticles for its protective potential in high glucose-induced cardiac stress: a green approach","volume":"181","author":"Atale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01986-0","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review of diagnosis, management, and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041438","article-title":"Using liposomes as carriers for polyphenolic compounds: the case of trans-resveratrol","volume":"7","author":"Bonechi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c18112","article-title":"The biology of endosomal escape: strategies for enhanced delivery of therapeutics","volume":"20","author":"Chahal","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5487","article-title":"Delivery of TAPI-1 via neutrophil membrane fusogenic liposomal nanoparticles can effectively ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2025.06.013","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"206","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.139966","article-title":"Multiphasic lipid nanoparticles: structural heterogeneity drives endosomal bypass for enhanced RNA delivery","volume":"709","author":"Conti","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.04.008","article-title":"A biodegradable, microstructured, electroconductive and nano-integrated drug eluting patch (MENDEP) for myocardial tissue engineering","volume":"50","author":"Cristallini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1684-1","article-title":"Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The claude bernard lecture 2009","volume":"53","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-00998-y","article-title":"Potential clinical biomarkers and perspectives in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-9317-4_18","article-title":"Abnormalities in ATP production and utilization in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume-title":"Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms","author":"Dhalla","year":"2014"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66298","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c15154","article-title":"Targeted delivery of AGO-2 to myocardial mitochondria via functionalized nanoparticles attenuates oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2025"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03020","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503020","article-title":"Cardiac dual-targeting nanocatalysts for heart failure therapy by breaking the ROS-inflammation positive feedback","volume":"15","author":"Du","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125841","article-title":"Cardiotropic ligand-guided liposomes for myocardial delivery of atorvastatin in a mouse model of myocardial infarction","volume":"681","author":"Eeda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.10.008","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and potential treatment targets","volume":"111","author":"Farhangkhoee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s8719","article-title":"Targeted drug delivery into reversibly injured myocardium with silica nanoparticles: surface functionalization, natural biodistribution, and acute toxicity","volume":"5","author":"Galagudza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9481","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179481","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: role of cell death, exosomes, fibrosis and epicardial adipose tissue","volume":"25","author":"Galeone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103443","article-title":"Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis","volume":"79","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16439-7","article-title":"Treatment of atherosclerosis by macrophage-biomimetic nanoparticles via targeted pharmacotherapy and sequestration of proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.06.015","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted C3F8-filled PLGA nanobubbles for enhanced FGF21 delivery and improved prophylactic treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"130","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7295","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s493862","article-title":"Liposomal nanoparticle delivery of ginkgo flavone glycosides enhances SIRT1 activation and improves diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.159447","article-title":"Biomimetic nanoparticles functionalized by macrophage membrane ameliorate heart failure in mouse and human cardiac organoid model","volume":"505","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1356_24","article-title":"Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and its role in cardiovascular risk assessment in hyperglycemia - a study in North India","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Family Medicine Primary Care"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23230-9","article-title":"Sex as an important factor in nanomedicine","volume":"12","author":"Hajipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.12.014","article-title":"A polyphenol-metal nanoparticle platform for tunable release of liraglutide to improve blood glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular complications in a mouse model of type II diabetes","volume":"318","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2014.955568","article-title":"The role of gadolinium chelates in the mechanism of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a critical update","volume":"44","author":"Id\u00e9e","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","year":"2025"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1166\/mex.2023.2553","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide liposome nanoparticles mediate fatty acid translocase (FAT)\/CD36 to improve fatty acid metabolism and regulate glucocorticoid receptor levels in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Express"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2026.01.025","article-title":"ALCAT1 promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by linking myocardial tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin deficiency to lipotoxicity","volume":"34","author":"Jia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Therapy The Journal Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4963","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S138400","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle-based miR155 antagonist macrophage delivery restores the cardiac function in ovariectomized diabetic mouse model","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051148","article-title":"Endothelial-mesenchymal transition and possible role of cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic heart","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90089-7","article-title":"Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: the framingham study","volume":"34","author":"Kannel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-0385","article-title":"New model of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy using combination of multiple doses of anomer-equilibrated streptozotocin and high-fat diet: sex matters","volume":"74","author":"Karatzia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010134","article-title":"Critical appraisal of pharmaceutical therapy in diabetic cardiomyopathy-challenges and prospectives","volume":"18","author":"Khattab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101298","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101298","article-title":"Diffuse myocardial injury with diabetes-related advanced glycation end product accumulation in dilated cardiomyopathy: pathological insights from an autopsy case","volume":"18","author":"Kitazawa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0042-6","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"40","author":"Knapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18510","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.5c03298","article-title":"Carbon nitride nanocomposite-based electrochemiluminescence biosensor platform for In Vitro detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy markers","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2013.819216","article-title":"Monocytes and macrophages as nanomedicinal targets for improved diagnosis and treatment of disease","volume":"13","author":"Lameijer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagnostics"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.254029","article-title":"Estrogen-dependent disruption of Adiponectin-Connexin43 signaling underlies exacerbated myocardial dysfunction in diabetic female rats","volume":"368","author":"Leffler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac152","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: the need for adjusting experimental models to meet clinical reality","volume":"119","author":"Lezoualc'h","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.22203\/ecm.v050a02","article-title":"Nanocarrier-encapsulated sglt-2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing myocardial fibrosis","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Cells and Mater."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-58344-x","article-title":"Biomimetic macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for targeted cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2019.65.7.21","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve diabetes mellitus-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-\u03b21\/Smad2 signaling pathway","volume":"65","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7134","DOI":"10.1039\/d5na00497g","article-title":"Polydopamine and hyaluronic acid-coated dual-responsive silica nanoparticles for targeted atherosclerosis imaging and therapy","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.01.017","article-title":"Early detection of cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by targeting myocardiopathy and matrix metalloproteinase 2","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5940","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ma00149h","article-title":"Biomineralized metal\u2013organic frameworks targeting collagen for suppression of myocardial fibrosis and enhancement of cardiac function","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04555-3","article-title":"Alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy via preventing VCAM1-positive cells from senescence by engineered nanovesicles","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030400","article-title":"Effect of selenium nanoparticles And\/Or bee venom against STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy","volume":"13","author":"Lotfy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.109514","article-title":"Hyperglycemia-induced DNA damage response activates DNA-PK complex to promote endothelial ferroptosis in type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.115229","article-title":"Application of nanomaterials in diabetic complication management","volume":"258","author":"Luo","year":"2026"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109280","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of PSS-Loaded nanoparticles on coronary microcirculation dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy rats","volume":"121","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021132","article-title":"Streptozotocin-induced type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus mouse models show different functional, cellular and molecular patterns of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Marino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145288","article-title":"Chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles alleviate cardio-hepatic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus model via regulation of caspase, Bax\/Bcl-2, and Fas\/fasL-Pathway","volume":"768","author":"Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd6020018","article-title":"Non-invasive imaging in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Mordi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115446","article-title":"Breaking the final barrier: evolution of cationic and ionizable lipid structure in lipid nanoparticles to escape the endosome","volume":"214","author":"Mrksich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102202","article-title":"Theranostic porphyrin nanoparticles identify atherosclerosis via multimodal imaging and elicit atheroprotective effects","volume":"34","author":"Nankivell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today bio"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206171","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206171","article-title":"A multifunctional integrated metal-free MRI agent for early diagnosis of oxidative stress in a mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.06.008","article-title":"Combination-targeting to multiple endothelial cell adhesion molecules modulates binding, endocytosis, and in vivo biodistribution of drug nanocarriers and their therapeutic cargoes","volume":"188","author":"Papademetriou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2025.2506351","article-title":"Salvia miltiorrhiza-derived exosome-like nanoparticles improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis via targeting the NEDD4\/SGK1 axis","volume":"20","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602271","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1602271","article-title":"Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c restores mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic heart","volume":"16","author":"Pham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Physiology"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17080969","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and curcumin Co-loaded liposomal formulations as synergistic delivery systems for heart failure therapy","volume":"17","author":"Profire","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040765","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy-from basics through diagnosis to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Radzioch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-71424-w","article-title":"A urea-activated nanocarrier for site-specific SGLT2 inhibition and metabolic rescue against cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2026"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-025-00581-y","article-title":"Advances in nanostructured drug delivery systems for cardiovascular therapeutics","volume":"34","author":"Saadh","year":"","journal-title":"Daru."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.120094","article-title":"Nanoparticle biosensors for cardiovascular disease detection","volume":"567","author":"Saadh","year":"","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0325767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325767","article-title":"Role of rosuvastatin and pitavastatin in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: targeting of RISK, NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling cascades","volume":"20","author":"Saleh","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-026-00287-3","article-title":"Diabetes-induced right ventricular remodeling precedes left ventricular remodeling and occurs via a distinct fatty acid uptake pathway","volume":"12","author":"Satyanarayana","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol. Endocrinol. Rep."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.04.028","article-title":"The role of sex as a biological variable in the efficacy and toxicity of therapeutic nanomedicine","volume":"174","author":"Sharifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12521","article-title":"Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.6515\/ACS.202505_41(3).20250224D","article-title":"Macrophage-derived exosomal MALAT1 regulates autophagy through miR-204-5p\/ATG7 axis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and diabetic rat heart","volume":"41","author":"Shyu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol. Sin."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(25)00200-1","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in type 1 versus type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Solini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3794","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-70463-7","article-title":"A hierarchical Theranostic nanoagent for multimodal imaging and targeted foam cell intervention in atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49119","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ra07152f","article-title":"Nanoliposome-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a review","volume":"15","author":"Umar","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-03288-1_5","article-title":"Emerging nanobiomaterial-based targeted therapeutic approaches for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their mechanisms of action","volume-title":"Current Applications of Nanobiomaterials, Volume 1: Exploring Sustainable Synthesis, Characterization, and Therapeutic Innovations in Nanomedicine","author":"Vairaperumal","year":"2025"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900232t","article-title":"Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics","volume":"110","author":"Villaraza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00363","article-title":"Chemistry of MRI contrast agents: current challenges and new frontiers","volume":"119","author":"Wahsner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302123","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302123","article-title":"L-Arginine-Loaded gold nanocages ameliorate myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury by promoting nitric oxide production and maintaining mitochondrial function","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125786","article-title":"Ultrasound-triggered targeted delivery of engineered ADSCs-derived exosomes with high SDF-1\u03b1 levels to promote cardiac repair following myocardial infarction","volume":"681","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.12.013","article-title":"Injection of ROS-responsive hydrogel loaded with IL-1\u03b2-targeted nanobody for ameliorating myocardial infarction","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763892","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.763892","article-title":"Curcumin conjugated gold nanoclusters as perspective therapeutics for diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3780","article-title":"Imaging macrophages with nanoparticles","volume":"13","author":"Weissleder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102226","article-title":"CD11b-modified ROS\/pH-responsive nanoparticles co-deliver dioscin and siRNA to improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by reducing neutrophil recruitment","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01860-0","article-title":"A bioinspired polymeric membrane-enclosed insulin crystal achieves long-term, self-regulated drug release for type 1 diabetes therapy","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214203","article-title":"Injectable myocardium-derived hydrogels with SDF-1\u03b1 releasing for cardiac repair","volume":"170","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09298","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509298","article-title":"Redox-responsive tellurium-bridged covalent organic Frameworks\/PEG composites for targeted therapy of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-025-01677-7","article-title":"Eplerenone alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by modulating ER stress, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"24","author":"Yaghooti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Diabetes and Metabolic Disord."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008758","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.008758","article-title":"Estrogen protects cardiac function and energy metabolism in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by loss of cardiac IRS1 and IRS2","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.08.014","article-title":"Injectable sustained-release danshensu sodium-loaded nanoparticle hydrogel targets macrophages to improve myocardial microenvironment for myocardial infarction treatment","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404979","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202404979","article-title":"Targeted anti-inflammatory nanozymes with pro-angiogenic activity for myocardial infarction therapy","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c18026","article-title":"TiO x (OH)4-2x nanosheets with catalytic antioxidative activity alleviate oxidative injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"147","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113607","article-title":"Multifunctional nanoparticles for immune regulation and oxidative stress alleviation in myocarditis","volume":"381","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-025-02224-8","article-title":"Reparative effects of VCAM-1 high-performance MSC-Derived exosomes on aged diabetic cardiomyocyte injury: a focus on ferroptosis suppression","volume":"31","author":"Yin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2018.15247","article-title":"Nanoliposomal resveratrol as a novel approach to treatment of diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Y\u00fccel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111630","article-title":"Nanoparticle conjugation of ginsenoside Rb3 inhibits myocardial fibrosis by regulating PPAR\u03b1 pathway","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2021.18652","article-title":"Preparation of nanocomposite peptide and its inhibitory effect on myocardial injury in Type-II diabetic rats","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanoscience Nanotechnology"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02887-7","article-title":"Adipsin alleviates cardiac microvascular injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy through Csk-dependent signaling mechanism","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20240605-01273","article-title":"Experimental study on the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by using ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction combined with coenzyme Q10 loaded long-circulating nanoliposomes","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113860","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cell alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating Chit1\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1-Mediated pyroptosis","volume":"146","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.12.030","article-title":"Prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats by combined therapy of aFGF-loaded nanoparticles and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technique","volume":"223","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S99376","article-title":"Using basic fibroblast growth factor nanoliposome combined with ultrasound-introduced technology to early intervene the diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-025-00664-6","article-title":"Engineered immune-driven theranostics for clinical cardiology","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-025-00615-1","article-title":"The national and provincial prevalence and non-fatal burdens of diabetes in China from 2005 to 2023 with projections of prevalence to 2050","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1912847\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:00:43Z","timestamp":1787295643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1912847\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":110,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2026.1912847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2026.1912847","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"article-number":"1912847"}}