{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:23:32Z","timestamp":1787207012996,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a key risk factor for schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits, linked to prefrontal cholinergic dysfunction. Nauclea officinalis extract (NOE) possesses documented anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, but its effects on MIA-induced cognitive and neuronal dysfunctions are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether NOE ameliorates MIA-induced working memory deficits by modulating infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL-mPFC) cholinergic signaling and neuronal activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a poly (I:C)-induced MIA rat model, adolescent offspring were treated with NOE (5, 10 and 20\u00a0mg\/kg). Behavioral tests,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      electrophysiology, and molecular assays were conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NOE dose-dependently attenuated MIA-induced neuroinflammation (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) in the IL-mPFC. It restored acetylcholine (ACh) levels, reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, but did not alter M1\/M3 receptor expression. NOE (20\u00a0mg\/kg) significantly improved 30-s delay working memory performance, an effect blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (SCO) and mimicked by the AChE inhibitor physostigmine (PHY). Electrophysiologically, NOE rescued MIA-impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and paired-pulse ratio (PPR), and enhanced delay-related firing of IL pyramidal neurons. These restorative effects were similarly replicated by PHY and antagonized by SCO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NOE alleviates MIA-induced working memory deficits by reducing neuroinflammation and, crucially, by functionally potentiating cholinergic transmission in the IL-mPFC. The findings highlight the IL cholinergic system as a critical therapeutic target and position NOE as a promising multi-target agent for cognitive impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1918425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T05:26:27Z","timestamp":1787203587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nauclea officinalis extract rescues working memory deficits in adolescent maternal immune activation offspring by restoring cholinergic signaling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Proctology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University","place":["Langfang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Proctology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Proctology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac012","article-title":"Differential recruitment of the infralimbic cortex in recent and remote retrieval and extinction of aversive memory in post-weanling rats","volume":"25","author":"Awad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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