{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:19:32Z","timestamp":1787829572414,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal fibrosis represents an important pathological feature of several vision-threatening ocular diseases, including advanced diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Its progression may be associated with reactive changes in M\u00fcller glial cells and their acquisition of mesenchymal-like phenotypes. As the predominant glial population in the retina, M\u00fcller glial cells play crucial physiological roles in maintaining retinal homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions, they can become reactive and acquire mesenchymal- or myofibroblast-like features through a process referred to as glial\u2013mesenchymal transition (GMT), potentially contributing to fibrotic remodeling. This review systematically examines the molecular mechanisms associated with M\u00fcller cell GMT, including the regulatory involvement of the TGF-\u03b2 and Notch signaling pathways, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress. It discusses the potential contribution of GMT to retinal fibrotic progression. Furthermore, this article synthesizes the potential pathological and therapeutic relevance of GMT in related ocular diseases and discusses experimental intervention strategies targeting M\u00fcller cell phenotypic remodeling. Understanding the regulatory network of M\u00fcller cell GMT may inform the development of future therapeutic approaches to prevent or attenuate retinal fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2026.1919772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:32:59Z","timestamp":1787826779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The pathogenesis of m\u00fcller cell glial-mesenchymal transition in retinal fibrosis-related eye diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology & Optometry Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jike","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology & Optometry Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology & Optometry Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05284-x","article-title":"High glucose concentrations induce oxidative stress by inhibiting Nrf2 expression in rat m\u00fcller retinal cells in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Albert-Garay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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